RFID na NFC mu nganda: Kubabwira Bitandukanye, no Kumenya Kohereza

 

Urutonde rwo gusoma kuri datasheet ntabwo arirwo rusomwa hasi

 

Icyuho ntawe ushyira mu gatabo ni iki: urutonde rwo gusoma rwacapwe ku rupapuro rwerekana ibimenyetso ni nimero ya laboratoire, kandi ububiko bwawe ntabwo ari laboratoire. Ibyuma, amazi, ibarura ryuzuye, ubushyuhe, ndetse nu mfuruka tagi ireba antene byose bizagabanuka iyo shusho, rimwe na rimwe kuburyo butangaje. Imiterere nyayo - kwisi yo kohereza RFID na NFC kumurima wuruganda ni mabi kurusha datasheet yose isobanura, kandi intera iri hagati yumuderevu usukuye hamwe nu muzingo uhagaze mubisanzwe iba muri izi mpinduka.

 

 

Benshi muribo batunguye ndetse namakipe afite uburambe. Imipaka igenga ingufu ziratandukana mukarere, bityo tagi ya UHF isoma metero enye mubigo byabanyamerika irashobora gusoma mugufi muburayi hakurikijwe amategeko akomeye ya ETSI. Ubucucike butera umutego wabwo: bapakira abasomyi benshi mumwanya umwe kandi barabangamirana kandi bagongana kuri tagi, bitesha agaciro kwizerwa mugihe cyo kuzamura ibiciro. Urungano rumwe - rwasuzumye ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko gushyira abasomyi nkana bishobora kugera kubisobanuro byuzuye hamwe nabasomyi bake 46-47% ugereranije na naive ()MDPI Sensors ikoresheje PMC). Noneho hariho ingaruka "zihishe tagi", aho tagi yicaye mumubiri imbere yasomwe nyamara ntizigere isubiza kuberako ibitekerezo byinshi.

 

NFC yitwaza verisiyo yayo yisomo rimwe, kandi irerekana mugihe tagi ihuye nicyuma cyangwa terefone itandukanye. Kuberako antenne ya NFC itandukana bitewe na terefone imwe ya terefone ikurikira, ikirango cyateganijwe gusoma kuri santimetero enye kuri terefone imwe kirashobora gutakaza santimetero cyangwa byinshi byifashishwa kurindi; no hejuru ya aluminiyumu yambaye ubusa nk'igikoresho cy'ibikoresho cyangwa imashini ya mashini, inlay isanzwe irashobora guhagarika gusubiza rwose keretse niba ari igishushanyo mbonera -. Niyo mpamvu, ku ntebe yacu bwite, twujuje ibisabwa buri tagi ya NFC irwanya ibyiciro byinshi bya terefone no kurwanya ubuso nyabwo bizakomeza kubaho, hanyuma bigashushanya kugera kuri santimetero ebyiri kugeza kuri eshatu ngufi ugereranije na laboratoire. Umunsi ibirango byabakiriya byasomwe neza mubiro byacu kandi rimwe na rimwe gusa kububiko bwibyuma niwo munsi wishyura wenyine.

 

Aho buriwese yinjiza umwanya

 

Guhitamo hagati ya RFID na NFC kubucuruzi mubisanzwe biza mubintu bitatu byisubiramo, kandi ntibisanzwe.

 

Kubikurikirana umutungo, kubika, no kubyaza umusaruro - umurongo winjiza, ikintu cyose aho usoma ibintu byinshi vuba, kure, hamwe nimbaraga nke zabantu, UHF RFID nakazi kakazi. Aha niho RFID na NFC kugirango bakurikirane umutungo inzira zose: Urwego rwa santimetero ya NFC ituma iba igikoresho kitari cyo kuri forklift yimura pallet yapakiye hejuru yumuryango wa dock. RFID isanzwe ikora aka kazi muri logistique, gukora, no gucuruza, nkuko tubibonaaho RFID ikoreshwa mu ngandaGushyira hanze.

 

Kugenzura kugenzura, kwemeza, kwishura, hamwe ningingo iyo ari yo yose aho umuntu yerekanye nkana ikintu, intera ngufi ya NFC ihinduka ikintu aho kuba imbogamizi. Kanda ni nkana, biragoye gukurura impanuka, kandi byoroshye umutekano. Ngiyo urugo rusanzwe rwa RFID na NFC mugucunga no guhuza imikoranire. Niba urimo gusuzuma ibyangombwa byerekana amarembo ya sisitemu, yacu125 kHz vs 13.56 MHz kugenzura kugenzura ibyangombwa byo kugabanukaagenda muri chip - urwego rwumutekano urwego, ibyago byukuri byo gukoroniza, hamwe nigiciro cyibiciro muri EM4100, MIFARE Classic, na DESFire EV2 / EV3.

 

Ibikorwa byinshi byukuri byoherejwe birangira ukoresheje byombi. Urupapuro rumwe rukora rushobora gukurikirana ibintu bitwara ibicuruzwa binyuze muruganda hamwe na UHF RFID mugihe tagi ya NFC kumurongo umwe ituma umutekinisiye akanda terefone hanyuma agakurura amateka yabyo. Guhitamo tekinoroji ya RFID na NFC ijya he ni imyitozo yo gutondeka, ntabwo ari / cyangwa ikibazo.

 

Igipimo	UHF RFID	HF RFID / NFC
Urutonde rusanzwe	Ibipimo (akenshi 1-10 m)	Santimetero (0-4 cm kuri NFC)
Isoma kuri buri gice	Ibirango byinshi icyarimwe	Ikirango kimwe icyarimwe
Terefone - irasomeka	Oya	Yego (HF / NFC)
Inganda nziza	Gukurikirana byinshi, ibikoresho, kubara	Kwinjira, kwemeza, kuri - amakuru yumutungo
Uruhare rwabantu	Amaboko - ubuntu, byikora	Kanda nkana

 

Icyo imbonerahamwe idashobora kuguha kuriwe ni variable igena ibintu mubyukuri. Mubunini, iniverisite isanzwe ya UHF ikoresha hafi USD 0.05–0.15 buri umwe, mugihe kuri - verisiyo yicyuma ukenera kubika ibyuma cyangwa ibikoresho bisanzwe bikoresha USD 0.20–0.50, hafi inshuro eshatu cyangwa eshanu zirenga; ikirango cyibanze cya NFC kuri kanda - kugeza - kugenzura - hanze ibikoresho byabigenewe akenshi bigwa bihendutse kuruta tagi ya UHF. Mubidukikije bivanze ikiguzi kubisomwe byizewe, ntabwo igiciro cyumutwe, aricyo gikemura icyemezo.

 

Amakarita yose "afite umutekano" ntabwo afite umutekano

 

Niba umushinga wawe ukora ku kugenzura, iki gice gifite akamaro kuruta impaka zingana, kuko ijambo "umutekano" rihisha ikwirakwizwa ryinshi. Ibyinshi byo hasi - ibyangombwa byagurishijwe bigurishwa nka karita ya RFID na NFC iracyakoreshwa kuri tekinoroji ya chip imaze imyaka irenga icumi ikoronijwe.

 

 

Urugero rusobanutse neza ni MIFARE Classic. Crypto yayo - 1 cipher yamenetse nabashakashatsi bize mumwaka wa 2008, nyamara amakarita aguma mugukoresha imishinga myinshi kuko gusimbuza miriyoni ibyangombwa nabasomyi bihenze. Ibyago ntabwo ari hypothettike. Mu 2024, abashakashatsi mu by'umutekano bagaragaje inyuma y’ibyuma mu muryango ukoreshwa cyane MIFARE Classic - umuryango wa chip uhuza, uboneka muri hoteri n’ibiro byo mu biro hirya no hino ku migabane myinshi, ibyo bikaba byaratumaga hafi ya cloni (Ikinyamakuru RFID). Imiterere ya kera ya 125 kHz iracyafite intege nke, yitwaje indangamuntu ihamye kandi mubyukuri nta kurinda (Itsinda rya NCC).

 

Reka rero mfate umwanya uhamye aho kuba uruzitiro: niba uburyo bwo kugenzura - igenzura ritavuze izina rya chip, fata ikarita nkutabifunze kugeza byemejwe ukundi. Iterambere ryizewe ni chip hamwe na kriptografiya nyayo: umuryango wa MIFARE DESFire EV2 / EV3, hamwe na AES encryption, kwemeza hagati, hamwe nurufunguzo rutandukanye, nta gitero kizwi kizwi cyo gukoroniza mugihe cyoherejwe neza. Iyo abaguzi badusabye gushyira amanota ya RFID na NFC ikarita yumutekano kuri sisitemu yumuryango, urwo rwego nicyo tubazamuka, niyo mpamvu dukomeza amahitamo ya DESFire -kugenzura kugenzura ikarita ya RFID itondekanya amanota ya chip umutekano urwegoaho gusiba inlay ihendutse cyane.

 

Niki "impinduka ya digitale" isa iyo ikora, nigihe idakora

 

"Guhindura Digital" bihinduka kuri RFID na NFC kenshi cyane iyo nteruro iba hafi gusiba, bityo ifasha kuyihuza nikintu gifatika. Mu gihingwa cyahujwe, RFID na NFC murwego rwo gutanga biha ibintu bifatika umwirondoro wa digitale: ibikoresho, abatwara, nibice byerekana aho biherereye nuburyo bimeze, kugaburira ERP cyangwa MES mugihe nyacyo, no kugabanya gutinda hagati yikintu kibaye numuntu ubizi.

 

Amabwiriza asunika inzira imwe. Amategeko y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi yinjira mu mahanga azahatira ingingo - urwego rwo gukurikiranwa mu byiciro by’ibicuruzwa bitigeze bigira, kandi ibirango by’ubwenge bya RFID na NFC bihinduka urwego rwumubiri rutuma iyo nzira ishoboka; abakora chipi barangije koherezaIbirango bya NFC byateganijwe kubicuruzwa bya pasiporo ya Digital.

 

Umugani wo kwitondera urigisha nkinkuru yo gutsinda, kandi ukwiye kumenya mbere yuko usinya ikintu icyo aricyo cyose. Igihe Walmart yatangaga manda yayo ya mbere ya RFID mu 2003, izamuka ryarenze ibiciro byombi kandi risoma kwizerwa; mu bushakashatsi bumwe bw’abatanga isoko kuva icyo gihe, kubura inyungu ku ishoramari nicyo cyonyine cyavuzwe cyane, cyitiriwe abagera kuri 42% babajijwe (Kaminuza ya Houston, Ishuri Rikuru rya Bauer). Porogaramu yarahagaze. Verisiyo yakoraga yageze nyuma yimyaka hafi makumyabiri, tage imaze kugabanuka kuva kumafaranga agera kuri mirongo itanu kuri buri muntu kugeza kumafaranga make mugihe cya manda ya Walmart, kandi gusoma byari byarabaye ibyiringiro bihagije kugirango bishyigikire ibarura riri hejuru ya 97%, ubwoko bwa Laboratwari ya kaminuza ya Auburn bwatangaje ko bwoherejwe na RFID igezweho. Isomo nimwe mubacuruzi badakunze kwitanga: burya RFID na NFC bakora munganda 4.0 bifite akamaro kanini ugereranije no kumenya niba ubukungu bwikigo cyawe gifunga mbere, bivuze igiciro cyikimenyetso, gusoma byizewe, hamwe no kwishyura neza, mbere yuko upima ikintu cyose.

 

Aho watangirira udateze uruganda

 

Amakipe abona RFID na NFC mugukora neza ntanarimwe afungura hamwe nigihingwa - cyagutse. Bafata ikibazo kimwe cyo gukoresha imipaka (umuryango umwe wa dock, igikoresho kimwe cibikoresho, aho umuntu agera), bagura tagi magana make numusomyi umwe, bakayikoresha ukwezi, bakareba igipimo cyo gusoma mbere yo kwiyemeza ikintu kinini. Niba uwo muderevu adasiba hafi 95% byizewe bisomwa, gukosora hafi buri gihe mubintu bitatu: gushyira antenne, guhitamo tagi, cyangwa hejuru yubuso. Nibihe, nuburyo bwo kubikosora utarenze - ukoresha kubasomyi, biterwa nubuso bwawe kandi ugasoma geometrie, bityo rero bihendutse cyane gukora ibyo hanze yumuryango umwe kurenza mirongo ine.

 

Guhitamo ibyuma kugirango bihuze na scenario aho gufata umurongo wa cataloge uhendutse cyane niho uvugana nuwabikoze aho kugurisha yinjiza. Twubatse ibicuruzwa bya RFID na NFC kuva 2006 duhereye ku kigo cya metero 3.600 - kare -, twoherezwa mu Burayi, Amerika, Uburasirazuba bwo hagati, ndetse no hanze yacyo kuva mu 2012, kandi dukora imirimo ya OEM na ODM kugira ngo tumenye umusaruro wa ISO -. Niba ibintu byawe bisaba guhamagarwa nkana, ibyacuIbiranga NFC byubatswe mugihe gito - urwego, imikoranire itekanyeni urutonde rwambere rwumvikana; niba ari uburyo bwo kugenzura cyangwa indangamuntu, iyacuIkarita ya RFID yatanzwe na chip umutekano urwegoreka uhuze ibyangombwa kuri risque nyirizina. Icyitegererezo cyubusa gikora hejuru yawe kandi abasomyi bazakubwira byinshi kubyerekeranye nukuri - isi ikwiranye namakuru yose ashobora.