RFID Ibyingenzi Byibanze Kugenzura: Agasanduku k'Umuguzi Ubwoko, Guhuza, Umutekano, na OEM Sourcing

Urufunguzo rwa RFID ni ikintu gito kidafite aho gihurira na chip na antenne kandi kigaragaza umukoresha kubasomyi ntaho bahurira. Byinshi biroroshye. Ikigendagenda kubaguzi benshi nibintu byose biri munsi yacyo: niba koko fob izavugana nabasomyi bamaze guhindukira kurukuta, niba chip ishobora kurwanya ibikoresho bya clone 30 €, kandi niba uyitanga ashobora gushiraho ibice 5000 neza mbere yo kohereza. Aka gatabo kandikiwe abantu bafite ibyo byemezo - IT n'abashinzwe ibikoresho bakora kuzamura, hamwe nitsinda ryamasoko rikura RFID yibikoresho byingenzi.

Ikosa rimwe rihenze cyane muriki cyiciro ni ugutumiza kuri frequency yonyine. Inshuro zirakenewe ariko ntizihagije. Hasi, ubwuzuzanye, umutekano, hamwe nisoko bifatwa nkibyemezo bitatu byerekana niba koko kohereza - kandi hafi yuburyo bukurikirana.

Uburyo RFID Urufunguzo Rukuru rukora (nimpamvu ari ngombwa kugura)

Fob passiyo idafite bateri. Iyo yinjiye mumurima wabasomyi, antenne isarura ingufu ziva muririma, ikangura chip, hanyuma chip irasubiza. Muri sisitemu y'ibanze igisubizo ni ikiranga gihamye; muri sisitemu itekanye fob nabasomyi bayobora intoki mbere yuko ikintu cyose cyunvikana. Umugenzuzi inyuma yumusomyi noneho agenzura iyo ndangamuntu inyuranyije namategeko yayo kandi akingura urugi - cyangwa akandika kubihakana.

Ingaruka ebyiri zifatika ziva muri ibi. Ubwa mbere, kubera ko fobs ya pasiporo ikuramo imbaraga kubasomyi, mubisanzwe bimara imyaka irenga icumi nta kubungabunga, niyo mpamvu hafi yinyubako zose zikoresha aho gukoresha bateri - zikoresha tagi. Icya kabiri, itandukaniro riri hagati ya "fob yohereza umubare" na "fob yerekana uwo ari we" niyo nkuru yumutekano - kandi byemejwe kurwego rwa chip, mbere yuko utekereza kubijyanye namazu cyangwa ikirango. Niba ushaka physics mubwimbitse, reba uku gusenyuka kwaburya urufunguzo rwa RFID rukora kugirango rugenzure.

Inshuro na Chip Ubwoko: Icyemezo cyo guhuza

Hano hari imirongo itatu yumurongo, kandi ntishobora gukorana. Umusomyi wa 125 kHz ntashobora gusoma fob ya 13.56 MHz, naho ubundi. Muri buri tsinda, umuryango wa chip hamwe nitumanaho risanzwe rihuza neza.

125 kHz (Umuvuduko muke)

LF irashaje, ihendutse, kandi ibabarira hafi y'urusaku rw'icyuma n'amashanyarazi. Chips nkaEM4100 na TK4100 urufunguzo rwibanzegutangaza amakuru ahamye, soma - umubare gusa. Ukwo kwizerwa nabwo nikibazo: umubare uhamye utagira encryption urashobora gukopororwa mumasegonda na duplicator ihendutse. Hitamo LF gusa mugihe uhuza abasomyi ba LF bariho cyangwa mugihe cloni gusa ntabwo biri mubyitegererezo byawe byugarije - icyumba cyo gufungiramo siporo, vuga, ntabwo ari ikigo cyamakuru.

13.56 MHz (Umuvuduko mwinshi)

HF nibisanzwe kubikorwa byose bishya aho umutekano ufite ibibazo. Igengwa na ISO / IEC 14443 isanzwe (hamwe na ISO / IEC 15693 ikubiyemo uburebure burebure -) Imiryango itatu ya chip yiganje:

MIFARE Classic 1K- shingiro rinini ryashizweho, igiciro gito, nimpamvu ikomeza kohereza mubunini. Ariko cipher yayo ya Crypto-1 yamenetse kumugaragaro hashize imyaka, bityo rero igomba gufatwa nkicyemezo cyoroshye, ntabwo ari icyumutekano. Nibintu byumvikana kubanyamuryango, kugaburira amafaranga, cyangwa inzugi zimbere aho clone irakaze aho kurenga. A.13.56 MHz MIFARE 1K urufunguzo fobikubiyemo byinshi muri izo manza.

MIFARE DESFire EV3- igipimo kigezweho cyo hejuru - umutekano. Ku nyandiko ya DESFire ya NXP, ikoresha AES - 128 ibanga ryibikoresho, bitatu - gutsindira ibyemezo, kandi kuri - imiyoborere yingenzi ya porogaramu, kandi IC itwara ibyemezo rusange EAL 5+ icyemezo - icyiciro kimwe gisabwa amabanki na e-pasiporo. Irasubira inyuma ihuza na EV2 na EV1, ituma kwimuka kwicyiciro bifatika. Niba ugaragaza inyubako ya leta, farumasi yibitaro, cyangwa isosiyete HQ, iyi niyo ntangiriro, ntabwo ari ukuzamura kugirango ubitekerezeho nyuma.

NTAG (NFC)- yagenewe terefone - imikoranire isomeka aho gukomera. Nibyiza kubasura pass, kwemeza ibicuruzwa, no kwamamaza, bike kuburyo kumuryango wizewe.

UHF

UHF isoma kuri metero, ntabwo ari santimetero, nibyo rwose ushaka kuri pallets n'ibinyabiziga kandi neza nibyo udashaka kumuryango, aho gusoma umuntu ibyumba bibiri kure ni inshingano. Komeza UHF kugirango ukurikirane umutungo n'irembo / ibinyabiziga.

Niba upima bande kubiciro byose aho kuba igiciro cya stikeri, uku kugereranya kugiciro cya 125 kHz vs 13.56 MHz ibyangombwa byo kugenzura ibyangombwa ni umugenzi w'ingirakamaro, nkuko ubireba nezaguhitamo inshuro ikwiye kuri urufunguzo rwa RFID.

Kugenzura Urutonde Ntamuntu Ukora Kugeza Byatinze

Ibicuruzwa byinshi byananiranye bisangiye intandaro imwe: umuguzi yahuje inshuro hanyuma afata ibisigaye. Mu myitozo, ibintu bine bigomba gutondekanya - inshuro, itumanaho ryitumanaho, umuryango wa chip, nuburyo bwo kwemeza (UID, kode yikigo, cyangwa porogaramu yihariye). Umusomyi HID Prox azirengagiza fob rusange ya 125 kHz EM4100 nubwo byombi ari "125 kHz," kuko imiterere itandukanye. Mbere yo gutumiza byinshi, kora unyuze muri ibi:

• Menya icyitegererezo cy'abasomyi.Soma ikirango kumusomyi washyizweho cyangwa urebe ahanditse inyandiko. Ibirango na software ikora byombi bifite akamaro - abasomyi bamwe bemera gusa DESFire yo hejuru - porogaramu yumutekano nyuma yo kuvugurura software.
• Kugenzura ibyangombwa byakazi.Ibimenyetso byacapwe, cyangwa gusikana byihuse hamwe numusomyi wo gusuzuma, mubisanzwe bizerekana ubwoko bwa chip na format.
• Emeza imiterere, ntabwo ari chip gusa.Baza niba sisitemu yemeza kuri UID, kuri kode yikigo, cyangwa kuri progaramu ihishe hamwe nurufunguzo rwihariye.
• Saba icyitegererezo hanyuma ugerageze kubasomyi bawe bazima.Iyi ntambwe imwe irinda hafi buri nini - kunanirwa.
• Sobanura nyir'ingenzi.Kuri DESFire hamwe nubundi buryo bwabitswe, hitamo uwaba afite urufunguzo rwibanze nuburyo bizatandukana mbere yumusaruro, atari nyuma.

Iyo uhuza ibisekuru bibiri byabasomyi mugihe cyo gutangira, akabiri - inshuro nyamukuru urufunguzo fobitwara byombi LF na chip ya HF ireka icyemezo kimwe gifungura inzugi zishaje ninzugi icyarimwe - akenshi itandukaniro riri hagati yo guhagarika weekend nukwezi kwa sisitemu ibangikanye. Kuri HID ibidukikije byumwihariko, iyi nyandiko kurigutumiza HID Prox - ibyangombwa bihuyeikubiyemo imiterere irambuye ifata abantu hanze.

RFID vs NFC: Umwe ni Subset yundi

NFC ntabwo ari tekinoroji ihanganye na RFID - ni igice cyihariye cya 13.56 MHz HF RFID yongeramo uburyo bubiri - uburyo bwo gutumanaho, aribwo butuma terefone ikora nkumusomyi cyangwa ibyangombwa. Igikoresho cyose cya NFC gikoresha amahame ya RFID; ntabwo buri sisitemu ya RFID ivuga NFC.

Itandukaniro rihitamo niba terefone zishobora gusimbuza fobs mu nyubako yawe. Ikarita yo Kwakira ya Android hamwe na Wallet ya Apple - ibyangombwa bishingiye byombi birashobora gukora nkurufunguzo rwo kwinjira, ariko mugihe gusa umusomyi, porogaramu igenzura -, hamwe nuburyo bwo gutanga ibyangombwa - byose birabishyigikira. Abasomyi b'umurage LF ntibashobora gukoresha terefone na gato. Mubyukuri amashyirahamwe menshi akora byombi: ibanga ryibanga ryabakozi naba rwiyemezamirimo, ibyangombwa bigendanwa byashyizwe hejuru aho amato yabasomyi abashyigikira. Isenyuka ryuzuye riba muriyi mfashanyigisho kuriitandukaniro riri hagati ya RFID na NFC.

Cloni n'umutekano: Niki gishobora kwiganwa

"Irashobora gukoronizwa?" ifite ibisubizo bitatu byukuri bivuye kuri chip:

• Ntibisanzwe{0} Umukopi wintoki abikora mumurongo umwe.
• Cloneable nimbaraga- MIFARE Classic. Intege nke za Crypto-1 ni rusange, bityo uwiyemeje gutera hamwe nibikoresho byiza arashobora kugarura urufunguzo.
• Yashizweho kugirango irwanye cloni{0}

Umugani usanzwe uvuga ngo "RFID iyo ari yo yose ishobora kwiganwa na terefone" ihuza gusoma tagi ya NTAG ifunguye no gutsinda ibanga. Terefone irashobora kwigana ikirango cya NFC; ntishobora guhimba ukuboko kwa DESFire. Kugirango ubone uburyo bwuzuye bwo kwerekana icyitegererezo, reba iyi ncamake yaUmutekano w'amakuru ya RFID.

Guhitamo Chip ni kimwe cya kabiri cyumutekano woherejwe, nubwo. Igishushanyo cya sisitemu gitwara ibisigaye:

• Simbuza umurage Wiegand wiring hamweOSDP, ishyigikira ibanga, igenzurwa numusomyi - kugeza - itumanaho.
• KoreshaIbyingenzi bitandukanyeburi cyemezo rero gikura urufunguzo rwihariye kuva urufunguzo rwibanze.
• Koreshauruhare - uruhushya rushingiye. Uruhare rwa NIST - Urugero rwo kugenzura uburyo bwo kugenzura - igipimo cya ANSI / INCITS standard - ni urubuga rwinshi rwinjira mu bigo rukurikiza, kandi rugaragaza neza uburyo inyubako zitanga uburenganzira kubikorwa byakazi.
• Irukaubugenzuzi busanzwe: gusubiramo ibiti, kuvanaho ibyangombwa bitakoreshejwe, kuzenguruka urufunguzo, no kugumisha abasomyi porogaramu igezweho.
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Kwimuka kwukuri, Tangira kurangiza

Igishushanyo gikurikira kiranga ibiro - hagati y'ibiro byimuka bishaje abasomyi ba LF, kandi byerekana impamvu ibyemezo byambere byuzuzanya.

Inyubako ikoresha 125 kHz EM4100 fobs yahisemo kuzamura nyuma yukodesha raporo yigana ibyangombwa. Aho guhinduranya ibintu icyarimwe, bashiraho DESFire EV3 - abasomyi bashoboye hasi hasi bagatanga fobs ebyiri - kugirango abakozi bagumane ibyangombwa byose. Urufunguzo rwibanze rwakozwe kandi rufashwe nabakiriya, rutandukanye kuri fob, kandi rugaterwa muruganda mbere yo koherezwa. Basomyi bimukira muri OSDP nkuko buri igorofa yaciwe. Imiryango ishaje ya LF yonyine ikomeza gukora kuri fob imwe kugeza umusomyi wanyuma asimbuwe, icyo gihe imikorere ya LF isezeye muri software. Nta byangombwa bisubirwamo, nta murongo wa lobby.

Igishushanyo gikurikira kiranga ibiro - hagati y'ibiro byimuka bishaje abasomyi ba LF, kandi byerekana impamvu ibyemezo byambere byuzuzanya.

Inyubako ikoresha 125 kHz EM4100 fobs yahisemo kuzamura nyuma yukodesha raporo yigana ibyangombwa. Aho guhinduranya ibintu icyarimwe, bashiraho DESFire EV3 - abasomyi bashoboye hasi hasi bagatanga fobs ebyiri - kugirango abakozi bagumane ibyangombwa byose. Urufunguzo rwibanze rwakozwe kandi rufashwe nabakiriya, rutandukanye kuri fob, kandi rugaterwa muruganda mbere yo koherezwa. Basomyi bimukira muri OSDP nkuko buri igorofa yaciwe. Imiryango ishaje ya LF yonyine ikomeza gukora kuri fob imwe kugeza umusomyi wanyuma asimbuwe, icyo gihe imikorere ya LF isezeye muri software. Nta byangombwa bisubirwamo, nta murongo wa lobby.

Ingingo ntabwo arikimenyetso cyihariye - ni uko icyiciro, urufunguzo - rufite, uburyo bubiri - uburyo bwo guhinduranya ibintu bihindura rip - na - gusimbuza umurimo winyuma. Iyo gahunda irashoboka gusa kuko chip (DESFire) hamwe nuburyo bwo gukora (dual - inshuro) byatoranijwe hamwe no kwimuka mubitekerezo.

Amazu n'ibikoresho: Huza Ibidukikije, Ntabwo ari Cataloge

Amazu ntakunze guhinduka asoma intera cyane, ariko ihitamo igihe fob ibaho. Chip na antene yashyizeho imikorere; Igikonoshwa gishyiraho igihe kirekire.

Kubihe bibi, vuga kashe ya IP67 / IP68, dogere −25 kugeza kuri +85 amanota, hamwe na UV irwanya ikintu cyose gisigaye hanze. Uruhande - na - uruhande rwibisasu bibiri bikunze kugaragara muribiABS vs epoxy urufunguzo rwo kugereranya. Aho isura ari igice kigufi, auruhu RFID urufunguzo fobcyangwa aibiti eco - urufunguzo rwinshuti fobitwara ikirango cyiza kuruta kubumba ABS.

Porogaramu: Uburyo butatu bwo gushiraho Fob

"Porogaramu" bivuga kwandika indangamuntu, urufunguzo, cyangwa kwinjira muri chip. Uburyo ubikora biterwa nubunini n'umutekano:

1. Uruganda pre - kodegisi.Utanga isoko yandika UID cyangwa ibyangombwa mbere yo kohereza. Byihuta cyane kuri sisitemu nini na sisitemu ya hoteri; oya kuri - ibikoresho byurubuga bikenewe.
2. Kuri - urubuga.Utanga ibyangombwa hamwe numwanditsi wa USB cyangwa porogaramu yo kwiyandikisha. Ibyiza iyo umukoro uhindutse kenshi kandi ushaka kugenzura bitaziguye.
3. Gutera urufunguzo.Kuri sisitemu ya DESFire na AES, urufunguzo rwibanga hamwe na porogaramu zitangwa mugihe cyagenzuwe, akenshi ku ruganda, bityo ibyangombwa ntibishobora kwiganwa nta burenganzira.

Kubitondekanya amajwi, wemere amakuru afatika imbere: kodegisi yinjira, gukemura amakosa, umwihariko wa UID, guhuza imibare, no kugenzura ubugenzuzi. Ubusanzwe ibigo bifata insinga muri HR cyangwa sisitemu yindangamuntu kugirango binjire hamwe na offboarding ibyangombwa byemewe byikora.

Ibisanzwe

Ibiro bicunga ibyinjira, guterura, hasi, no guhagarara hagati, kuvugurura uburenganzira udakora ku byuma. Amahoteri atanga ibyangombwa birangira kuri cheque - abakanishi basobanuwe muriki gice kuriuko amakarita yingenzi ya hoteri akora. Ibitaro bifunga farumasi, laboratoire, hamwe ninyandiko zifite uruhare - uruhushya rwo kubahiriza. Amashuri makuru yikubye inshuro, isomero, kwitabira, no kwishyura amafaranga atabigenewe. Ahantu h'inganda amarembo akarere gashobora guteza akaga hamwe nibyumba byibikoresho byinshingano na shift. Muri buri kintu cyo gutsinda ni kimwe: hitamo chip kurwego rwiterabwoba, hanyuma ureke software ikore ibisigaye.

Kugura na OEM Amasoko

Igiciro nikintu cyanyuma cyo guhitamo, ntabwo aricyambere. Kora unyuze mubisabwa, hanyuma chip, hanyuma uhindure, hanyuma utange isoko.

Guhitamo Chip kurwego rwumutekano

• Hasi(gutura, parikingi): EM4100 / TK4100 / HID Prox.
• Hagati(biro, amashuri, siporo): MIFARE Classic 1K cyangwa NTAG.
• Hejuru(imari, ubuvuzi, guverinoma): DESFire EV3 hamwe na AES no kwemeza.
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Guhitamo (OEM / ODM)

Abaguzi benshi ntibakunze kubona imigabane rusange. Amahitamo asanzwe arimo laser cyangwa silk - gucapa ibirango byerekana ecran, kodegisi ya UID na pre - gahunda, nomero yuruhererekane, amabara yabigenewe, hamwe na QR / barcode ihuza - byose bifasha kuranga, gukurikirana umutungo, no kurwanya -. Kuraho ibi kubitangaUbushobozi bwa OEM / ODMmbere yo kwiyemeza.

MOQ, kuyobora igihe, no kugenzura

Nkuyobora neza, moderi yimigabane ikoresha 100-500 pcs, isanzwe ya OEM 500–3,000 pc, hamwe nibishusho byuzuye 5, 000+ pc, hamwe nibiciro byagabanutse cyane mubunini. Ibihe byo kuyobora bimara iminsi 2-5 kububiko, iminsi 7-15 kuri OEM isanzwe, na 15 - 30+ iminsi yo gukoresha ibikoresho; kubaka muri buffer kugirango ubone icyitegererezo hamwe na kodegisi. Mugihe usuzumye uwaguhaye isoko, wemeze chipi nyazo (NXP, HID), kodegisi no guhuza - inkunga yo kwipimisha, icyemezo cya ISO / CE / RoHS, hamwe na - non - byumvikana - icyitegererezo cyumubiri mbere yo kubyara umusaruro.

umwanzuro

Hitamo chip kurwego rwawe rwose rw'iterabwoba, genzura guhuza abasomyi bawe nyabo mbere yuko utumiza ku gipimo, kandi ufate ibanga, OSDP, itandukaniro rinini, n'uruhare - uruhushya rushingiye kuri sisitemu imwe aho guhitamo bine. Kurubuga rwo hejuru - umutekano, DESFire EV3 wongeyeho urufunguzo - nyirayo, inzira yimuka yicyiciro nigisubizo kirambye. Ibindi byose - amazu, ibara, kuranga - biri munsi yo kubona ibyo byemezo bitatu neza.

Niba uteganya kuzamura cyangwa gutondekanya byinshi, kugenzura guhuza hamwe nicyitegererezo cyageragejwe mbere yumusaruro uzigama amafaranga arenze ayo baguze. Urashobora gusaba icyitegererezo cyangwa isuzuma kugirango wemeze fobs yawe ihuye na sisitemu mbere yuko ikintu cyose kijya mubikoresho.

Ibibazo

Ese hari urufunguzo rwa RFID rushobora gukorana numusomyi uwo ari we wese?

Oya Inshuro, itumanaho risanzwe, umuryango wa chip, nuburyo bwo kwemeza byose bigomba guhura. Fobs ebyiri "125 kHz" zirashobora kutabangikana niba imiterere itandukanye.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bwa RFID urufunguzo rufite umutekano cyane?

MIFARE DESFire EV3 hamwe na AES - 128 hamwe no kwemeza ni igipimo ngenderwaho cyumutekano muke, gitwaye icyemezo cya EAL 5+ ugereranije na chip ya banki.

Ese urufunguzo rwa RFID rushobora gukoronizwa?

Fix - UID LF fobs ikoronijwe byoroshye, MIFARE Classic irashobora gukoronizwa nimbaraga, kandi ibyangombwa bya DESFire / AES byakozwe muburyo bwo kubirwanya.

Ese urufunguzo rwa RFID rukeneye bateri?

Oya. Passive fobs ikuramo imbaraga mumurima wabasomyi kandi mubisanzwe bimara imyaka icumi cyangwa irenga.

Smartphone irashobora gusimbuza fob yingenzi?

Rimwe na rimwe. Amaterefone ya NFC arashobora gukora nkibyangombwa aho abasomyi na software babishyigikiye, ariko sisitemu ya LF ntishobora gukoresha terefone na gato. Imbuga nyinshi zikoresha zombi.

Nakora iki niba fob yabuze?

Bimenyeshe, uhagarike muri sisitemu ako kanya - nta mpinduka zifunga zikenewe - zitanga umusimbura kubigega byabigenewe, hanyuma usuzume ibiti byinjira mugihe cyibasiwe.

Niki MOQ isanzwe hamwe nigihe cyo kuyobora kuri fobs yihariye?

Ibicuruzwa bisanzwe bya OEM mubisanzwe bitangira hafi 500-3000 pcs hamwe nigihe cyo kuyobora iminsi 7-15; ibicuruzwa byabigenewe bikenera amajwi menshi nigihe kinini cyo gukoresha. Buri gihe saba icyitegererezo.