Ikarita Yubusa ya RFID na Pre - Ikarita Yacapwe: Nubuhe buryo bwiza kubwumushinga wawe?

Amakipe menshi ageze kuri iki kibazo yiteze guhitamo hagati yikarita yera isanzwe hamwe nikirangantego. Iyo instinzi niyo mpamvu rwose umubare utangaje wimishinga yizewe irenga ingengo yimari cyangwa igahagarara icyumweru kibanziriza kujya - kubaho. Icapiro hejuru yikarita nicyemezo gihenze cyane, gihinduka cyane mumushinga wose. Impinduka zerekana neza niba amakarita ya RFID yambaye ubusa cyangwa pre - amakarita yacapwe arukuri kuri wewe wicaye munsi yacyo: ninde ufite intambwe yo gucapa, ninde uhuza chip, uburyo ushobora kwihuta, kandi niba ikarita ishobora gukoronizwa na gato.

 

Aka gatabo kanditswe kuva kuruhande rwabatanga kumeza, nabantu bavuze aya mabwiriza bagatanga amatike yingoboka mugihe ikarita yananiwe gukingura urugi. Ikigamijwe ni ukuguha logique yo gutanga amasoko, ntabwo ari ikibanza cyo kugurisha.

 

 

Icyo "Kwirengagiza" mubyukuri bivuze, hamwe nijambo rigenda abaguzi hejuru

 

"Blank" ni rimwe mu magambo aremerewe cyane mu kugura amakarita, no gutumiza ibitari byo kubera ko ari ibisanzwe bihagije kugira ngo bikwiriye kwihanangiriza. Ikarita isanzwe irashobora kuba plastike yose idacapwe idafite chip na gato, ubwoko bwakoreshejwe kubirango byibanze. Ikarita ya RFID irimo ubusa ninyamaswa zitandukanye: hejuru nticapuwe, ariko chip ikora na antenne ikora bifunze imbere, byiteguye gushyirwaho kodegisi. "Ikarita yera" na "ikarita yera ya PVC" mubisanzwe yerekana iyo chip imwe - yerekana verisiyo, nubwo atari buri gihe.

 

Niba urimo gushakisha uburyo bwo kwinjira cyangwa kumenyekanisha, ushaka verisiyo hamwe na chip, kandi ukaba ushaka kuvuga ibyo kurutonde rwubuguzi kugeza kumuryango wa chip: MIFARE DESFire EV3 kuri sisitemu yo kwinjira 13.56 MHz, cyangwa EM4200 kuri 125 kHz imwe, ntabwo ari "ikarita yubusa 13.56 MHz." Impamvu ibi birenze ibisobanuro: amakarita yanditswemo ikarita ya RFID nicyiciro kigufi kiracyariho, kandi ukeka ko ikarita yera yose izanyura mumacapiro yawe niwo mwanya wambere umushinga ugenda nabi.

 

Ibipimo bitandatu bifatika mubyukuri

 

Ikigereranyo cyingirakamaro kirenga neza imirongo itatu isanzwe yo guhinduka, igiciro, no kugaragara. Dore uko uburyo bubiri butondekanya kubintu umuguzi abazwa mubyukuri:

 

Igipimo	Ikarita itagaragara (wandika + kode)	Mbere - amakarita yanditse (uruganda - yarangije)
Guhindura ibintu	Hejuru; igishushanyo namakuru yakoreshejwe kubisabwa, yahinduwe igihe icyo aricyo cyose	Bishyizwe kuri gahunda; impinduka zisaba umusaruro mushya gukora
Kuri - igiciro cyikarita	Hasi imaze kugabanywa, ariko itwara ibikoresho nibikoreshwa	Hejuru kuri buri gice, nta bikoresho byo gutunga
Kuyobora igihe na MOQ	Ubike rimwe, tanga ako kanya; hasi cyane	Iminsi kugeza ibyumweru kuri gahunda; hejuru cyane kubuhanzi bwihariye
Kwamamaza no kurangiza	Biterwa na printer yawe; ubugari bwumupaka nubwiza buratandukanye	Bihamye, impande - kugeza - inkombe, umwuga hanze yisanduku
Igenzura ry'umutekano	Ufashe urufunguzo rwa kodegisi hamwe namakuru	Kode y'abacuruzi; wizeye imikorere yabo yingenzi
Gutunga amakuru	Igenzura ryuzuye ryibibanza kuri buri chip	Bisangiwe nuburyo bwo kugurisha ibicuruzwa

 

Soma umutekano numurongo wamakuru mbere yumurongo wigiciro. Umutwe wimpamvu ibikorwa byinshi bihitamo amakarita ya RFID yubusa kugirango igenzurwe ni gake igiciro cyibice; ni ugukomeza kodegisi nubuyobozi bwingenzi imbere yinkuta zabo enye. Kandi fata uwo murongo wumutekano nkaho utari - ushobora kumvikana aho kuba umwe mubucuruzi hagati ya batandatu: kumuryango uwo ariwo wose - umushinga winjira, uwaba afite urufunguzo rwa kodegisi agenzura sisitemu, kugirango umurongo umwe ushobora gukemura icyitegererezo mbere yuko upima izindi eshanu.

 

Imibare Igiciro Ntamuntu Ushira Kwandika

 

Amakipe agereranya ubusa na karita ya RFID igiciro hafi ya yose ahagarara kukibazo kimwe: niyihe numero natangiriraho? Dore verisiyo isukuye. Ukurikije amakuru ya Syntek ya 2026 B2B yatanzwe, umusaraba - werekeza ku giciro cyo kugurisha cyatangajwe ku icapiro n’ibikoreshwa, ikarita idafite ikarita ya RFID wanditseho ikarita yawe igwa ku madolari 0.45 kugeza $ 0.95 ikarita imaze kwambikwa ikariso hamwe n’icapiro ryuzuye, ugereranije n’amadolari 3.50 kugeza $ 7.50 kugira ngo yandike mbere, -. Kuri - igiciro cyonyine, ibyo ni bitanu - kugeza kuri - icyuho cyikubye icumi.

 

Iyo mibare nayo ni umutego niba uhagaritse gusoma aho, kandi imibare ikora gusa iyo uguze imashini ibereye. Icyinjira - urwego rutaziguye - kugeza - icapiro ryamakarita hamwe na kodegisi ikoresha amadolari 1.500 kugeza $ 2000, mugihe igice cyo gusubiza inyuma gishobora kurangiza - kuva amaraso yaganiriweho mu gice gikurikira gitangira hafi $ 3000. Fata urwego rwinjira hamwe na $ 3 kugeza $ 6 kuzigama kuri buri karita, hanyuma printer ikureho igiciro cyayo ahantu hagati yamakarita 250 na 650; niba igishushanyo cyawe gikeneye impande - kugeza - icapiro, shyira igiciro cya retransfer mubare mbere yuko wizera ibisubizo. Gukwirakwiza kuri porogaramu ikora imyaka, niyo mpamvu urubibi rwicara hafi yamakarita ijana mukwezi aho kuba mubitekerezo bidasobanutse by "amajwi menshi." Munsi yacyo, outsourcing itsinze byimazeyo; hejuru yacyo, urubanza rwo gutumiza amakarita ya RFID yuzuye ubusa biba bigoye kubirwanya.

 

Urupapuro rwibiciro rwuzuye kububiko bwikarita ya RFID yuzuye, rwaciwe numuryango wa chip hamwe nubunini bwurwego, nikintu dushyira hamwe kubisabwa aho gutangaza; igishushanyo gikwiye giterwa nabasomyi bawe basanzwe, ibice bibiri bikurikira bizagufasha gushira hasi.

 

"Gucapurwa" Nijambo Ritwika Imishinga

 

Ku matsinda arimo gukora uburyo bwo gucapa amakarita ya RFID mu nzu -, igitekerezo cyo gutwika ingengo y’imari nini nacyo cyoroshye: ikarita irimo ubusa ni ikarita yuzuye, birumvikana ko izacapa. Nibeshya kenshi bihagije guteganya hafi.

 

 

Ntabwo ububiko bwuzuye bwubatswe kugirango bufate icapiro. Amakarita yegeranye amwe agurishwa ku buryo butagaragara ko - ashobora gucapwa, no kuyahatira akoresheje inkjet cyangwa gukubita ahantu aho antene ikorera izabasenya. Ikarita yagenewe gucapa itwara ubuso bukwiye cyangwa hejuru, kandi hanyuma, impapuro zacapwe zanga ku kigero cyo hejuru kuruta uruganda - amakarita yarangiye. Mubikorwa byacu bwite ikora icyo cyuho gisanzwe cyicara kuri 2% kugeza 5% kuri wenyine - icapiro ryera ryanditse munsi ya 1% kuruganda - amakarita yarangiye, kuko buri mukungugu wumukungugu werekana kumurima wera uherutse gusohora; ku ikarita ya 500 - yatanzwe ni ikarita icumi kugeza kuri makumyabiri yataye agaciro - na - ibyapa mbere yuko ubara imirimo yo gusubiramo. Hariho kandi igisenge cyiza cyashyizweho nibikoresho byawe. Direct {16}Wikipedia). Niba igishushanyo cyawe gikeneye impande - kugeza - ibara ryuruhande, icapiro rihendutse hamwe numurongo wamakarita yubusa ya RFID ntabwo azakugezayo.

 

Imwe ihindagurika ihinduranya muri - ubukungu bwinzu: waba wacapye kandi ugahuza kode imwe. Kode ya kodegisi ihuriweho hamwe yandika chip mugihe ubuso bwanditse, busenyuka intambwe ebyiri murimwe, mugihe icapiro - hanyuma - kodegisi yakazi ikubye inshuro ebyiri gukoresha ikarita. Wubake ibyo mubigereranyo byakazi mbere yuko urangiza ko - gucapa amakarita ya RFID yuzuye ari umuhanda uhendutse.

 

Inshuro na Imiterere: Umutego wo guhuza

 

Inzira yihuse yo gufata pallet yamakarita ntacyo ikora nukubona uruhande rwa radio nabi. Inshuro ziza imbere. Hasi {2} Guhitamo logique hano birerekana uwo twashyizehoEM - ishingiye ku ikarita yo kugenzura, aho guhuza chip nu musomyi washyizweho ibintu byingenzi kuruta umurongo uwo ariwo wose kurupapuro rwihariye.

 

Imiterere ni umutego wa subtler. Ikarita yo kwinjira itwara gahunda ya kodegisi, mubisanzwe imiterere ya Wiegand nka 26-bit H10301, ihujwe na kode yikigo, kandi ububiko akenshi bwohereza kuri kode yikigo kidasanzwe keretse ubivuze ukundi. Tegeka amakarita ya RFID yambaye ubusa muburyo panel yawe idategereje, kandi basoma nkibyangombwa bitazwi kuri buri rugi. Emeza inshuro, chip umuryango, imiterere, hamwe nibikoresho bya kode kubasomyi bawe bariho mbere yuko itegeko ryinjira, ntabwo nyuma.

 

Umutekano uba muri Chip, Ntabwo ari Icapa

 

Aha niho impaka - na - pre - impaka zacapwe zicecekeye guhagarika ikibazo. Niba ikarita yambaye ikirangantego ntaho bihuriye no kumenya niba umuntu ashobora kuyandukura muri koridoro. Chip ihitamo ko, kandi kuri iyi ngingo inganda zikwiye igisubizo kidahwitse kuruta "biterwa."

 

Koresha amakarita yegeranye ya 125 kHz hamwe na MIFARE Classic nkuko bimaze guhungabana kubintu byose birinda umutungo nyawo. Imiterere ya kHz 125 yerekana indangamuntu ihamye, idafite ibanga ikoporora mu masegonda, kandi cifher yihariye ya MIFARE Classic imaze imyaka myinshi ivunika; abashakashatsi bagiye bagaragaza inshuro nyinshi cloni irwanya sisitemu nzima (IEEE Xplore). Byarushijeho kuba bibi mu 2024, ubwo hamenyekanye inyuma yinyuma yibikoresho bya Fudan yoherejwe cyane na MIFARE Classic ituma ikarita - ikoronizwa mu minota mike, ikagera kuri hoteri n’imiyoboro itambuka ku migabane myinshi (Ikinyamakuru RFID). Iyi chip ikomeza kubera impamvu zubukungu, ntabwo ari tekiniki: re - amakarita na re - gusoma umutungo munini birahenze, nuko amashyirahamwe abaho afite imenyekanisha rizwi mumyaka.

 

 

Niba ibyangombwa bifunguye umuryango, icyemezo kimwe cyimura rwose umutekano wawe ni ukuzamuka kuri chip hamwe na kriptografiya nyayo, nka MIFARE DESFire EV2 cyangwa EV3, ikoresha AES hamwe no kwemeza hamwe kandi nta clone ifatika yatangajwe. Guhitamo amakarita ya RFID yubusa kurubuga rwizewe birashobora kwirwanaho neza kuberako ubika urufunguzo, ariko gusa iyo chip munsi ni imwe ikwiye kurindwa. Kuburyo uburyo bwo guhitamo chip hamwe nubuso bwihariye bikorana kububiko bwera butekanye, kutuyobora kuriumutekano no kwihitiramo amakarita yubusaijya murwego rwimbitse.

 

Nindehe mubyukuri uhuza umushinga wawe?

 

Ibyifuzo bisukuye biva mubitekerezo, ntabwo bikunzwe.

 

Niba ukoresha umubare munini cyangwa uzunguruka, ishusho yumukozi wumukozi, ikigo, abakozi benshi - urubuga, noneho amakarita ya kode ya RFID yuzuye hafi buri gihe. Abantu bashya bizewe umunsi umwe, ibishushanyo birahinduka nta reorder, kandi amajwi yicaye neza kurenza ikiruhuko - ndetse. Umukiriya - guhangana na gahunda ni ishusho yindorerwamo. Kubanyamuryango, ubudahemuka, cyangwa amakarita yimpano, aho ikarita igize uburambe bwikirango kandi ibihangano bikosorwa, amakarita yacapuwe mbere - atanga umurongo uhoraho muri - icapiro ryinzu riharanira guhuza, kandi igiciro cyo hejuru kigura kurangiza wakoresha ukwezi ukurikirana. Ikarita ya hoteri ya hoteri yicara hagati yibi byombi, kandi readen cadence ifata icyemezo kirenze kureba: imitungo yicyumba 200 - yongeye kugaruka kuri buri cheque - in nibyiza ko ubika amajana make ya kodegisi ya MIFARE ku ntoki kandi ugategura buri umwe kumeza imbere kuruta gutegereza ibyumweru bibiri kurutonde rwabigenewe. Hejuru {{14} access kwinjira byumutekano birenze ibyo byose byavuzwe haruguru: hitamo chip ubanza kurwego rwumutekano, hanyuma ufate icapiro nkikibazo cya kabiri, hafi yo kwisiga. Kugena iyo - urupapuro rwanditse - na - kode ya kodegisi yo gutanga ku meza ni ikintu ikipe yacu ikora ku guhamagarwa, ntabwo ari ikintu ugomba gukemura wenyine.

 

Umurongo umenyereye ko ibyo ari "ibikoresho bitandukanye kubikorwa bitandukanye" nukuri kandi ntacyo bimaze mugihe cyo kugura. Igikorwa cyo gukora kuri porogaramu nyinshi za B2B zo kwinjira no kumenyekanisha ni kodegisi irimo ubusa, hamwe na - yacapishijwe yabitswe kubikorwa bihamye - ibihangano, umukiriya - ahanganye na kwiruka. Tangira uhereye kuri default hanyuma ureke ikirango nyacyo cyangwa umutekano usabwa kukubangamira.

 

Mbere yo Gutumiza: Urutonde rwamasoko

 

Nuwuhe moderi wamanukaho, ikiganiro cyabatanga isoko kigomba kuba gikubiyemo ubutaka bumwe, kandi ibi bibazo bitandukanya umucuruzi wigeze akora iyi mishinga numuntu ugurisha agasanduku:

 

• Chip umuryango ninshuro byemejwe kubasomyi bawe bashizeho, mukwandika
• Imiterere ya kodegisi hamwe na code yikigo cyerekanwe, ntigisigaye kuri default
• Kubwawe - icapiro, inyandiko yanditse yemeza ko ububiko bushobora gucapwa, hamwe nubuso cyangwa hejuru yizina
• Icyitegererezo cyamakarita anyura mumacapiro yawe bwite numusomyi mbere yo kwiyemeza kwijwi
• Kuyobora igihe ntarengwa cyo gutondekanya byavuzwe kubwa mbere no gusubiramo ibyateganijwe
• Izina rya tekiniki ryitumanaho kurwego rwo gusubiramo, uzakenera kwemeza guhitamo chip, kode yikigo, hamwe no gucapa guhuza mbere yuko umusaruro ukora byumvikana.

 

Uwo murongo wanyuma niho uwabikoze abona amafaranga. Twubatse amakarita ya RFID kuva mu 2006 munsi ya ISO - igenzurwa n’umusaruro winjiza, amahoteri, ibigo, hamwe n’ugushiraho - kugenzura, kandi igice cyerekana ko - gishobora guteza impanuka nini ni icyitegererezo: twohereza icyitegererezo mu minsi itatu kugeza kuri itanu y'akazi, kandi itegeko rya mbere ry'amakarita 5000 risanzwe ryuzuzwa mu minsi itanu kugeza kuri irindwi uhereye ku buhanzi, iminsi irindwi kugeza ku icumi. Niba wegamiye kugiti cyawe - kodegisi, kwiruka kwaububiko budacapuwe bwiteguye muri - kodegisi yinzureka kugenzura amakuru kuva kumpera kugeza kumpera; niba ushaka guhitamo kurikarita imwe yera - ikarita SKU mumashami, yacuikarita yikarita yubusa yatanzwe kubwinshiyakozwe kugirango icapwe kandi igenzure neza. Inzira zose, saba icyitegererezo mbere yuko gahunda yo kugura isohoka.

Menyesha nonaha