Guhitamo Ikarita ya RFID: Ibyemezo Byihishe inyuma yumutekano, guhuza, nigiciro nyacyo

Ibi byanditswe kuruhande rwintebe ikora ikarita, ntabwo ari software iyisoma. Kurenza amategeko dukora, ibyemezo bitatu bimwe (umutekano wa chip, guhuza imiterere, hamwe nigiciro cyubuzima) nibyo bitandukanya gahunda ikora isukuye nimwe ihinduka.

 

"Ikarita Ikarita," "Ikarita ya Prox," "Icyemezo cyo Kwinjira": Ikintu kimwe, Inzego eshatu zitandukanye cyane.

 

Sura ibikoresho icumi kandi urukiramende rumwe rwa plastike rwitwa amazina atanu atandukanye. Mugihe cyo kugenzura - kugenzura, ikarita yikarita ni indangamuntu irimo chip ya RFID hamwe na antenna ikora imirimo ibiri icyarimwe: yerekana isura nizina kumuntu, kandi isubiza umusomyi kumuryango. Ikarita nuburyo bumwe bwumubiri icyemezo gishobora gufata. Fobs, amaboko, hamwe nu gikapu cya terefone nibindi, kandi - byoherejwe kwisi mubisanzwe bivanga bike muribyo muri politiki imwe yo kugera, uburyo ibibuga binini bimaze guhuza impapuro zacapwe hamwe nigitoki cyaciwe.byoroheje byinjira mumarembo menshi.

Bitatu - Igice cyo gufatana urunana inyuma ya buri Kanda

 

Uburyo bwihishe inyuma yikarita ya RFID ikora ni ngufi bihagije kugirango tuvuge mumwuka umwe. Ikarita ifite chip ifite ikiranga kidasanzwe na antene. Umusomyi kumuryango asohora radio; antenne yikarita isarura imbaraga zihagije zo gukangura chip no kohereza numero yayo inyuma; umusomyi anyuza iyo mibare kumugenzuzi, iyigenzura kurutonde ikanahitamo niba irekura ifunga. Ihanahana ryose rirangira neza munsi yisegonda, ntaho uhurira na bateri mu ikarita.

 

Ikirangantego kitarangwamo indangamuntu nicyitegererezo kubwimpamvu zifatika. Muri 2025, RFID na NFC hamwe bafashe 57,75% yo kubona - kugenzura imiyoboro - igabana ryikoranabuhanga, mbere yuburyo bushya butagira umugozi (Mordor Intelligence).

 

 

Ikibazo cyumutekano Abaguzi benshi basimbuka kugeza nyuma yo gutandukana

 

Dore umwanzuro amatsinda menshi yamasoko agera atinze: bad - inshuro 125 kHz ya badge yegeranye itanga hafi yo kwirinda gukopera. Itangaza umubare uhamye mubisobanutse, kandi iyo mibare irashobora gufatwa no kwandikwa kubusa hamwe nigikoresho kigura munsi yamadorari makumyabiri kandi ntigikeneye ubuhanga bwo gukora. Kwiyita - serivise kiosque mumurongo umwe wo kugurisha noneho izigana ikarita ya prox nkuko ububiko bwibikoresho bugabanya urufunguzo (CampusIDNews).

 

Ibyo cloni demo itigera yerekana ni impera yinyuma. Iyo ikarita yimukanwa yandukuwe yerekanwe, sisitemu isoma ibyangombwa byemewe kandi yandika ibyinjira munsi yabifitemo uburenganzira, inzira yubugenzuzi rero ihinduka bucece ibihimbano kandi nyir'ikarita ntashobora kwerekana ko atari aho igiti kivuga. Iterabwoba ni gake cyane hanze yinyuma, haba; umuntu ufite amasegonda mirongo itatu yo kubona ikarita yegeranye idafite ibanga ni kenshi cyane umukozi ugenda, temp, cyangwa rwiyemezamirimo. Inyuma - impera yanyuma niyo mpanvu tutohereza ibicuruzwa byinshi bitateganijwe - hejuru idafite urutonde - kugeza kuri - inyandiko yatanzwe kuri dosiye - ikarita idakurikiranwa yongewe kuri sisitemu nzima iba urufunguzo ruhoraho ntawe ushobora kubara nyuma yukuri.

 

LF, HF, cyangwa Ikarita Yubwenge Yabitswe: Huza Chip na Threat, Ntabwo Agatabo

 

Inshuro niho impapuro nyinshi zihagarara kandi amakosa menshi yo kugura atangirira. Kugereranya ubunyangamugayo ntabwo "biri hasi cyane" ahubwo ni "ikirwanya kwigana ibitagenda."

 

Band	Ibyangombwa bisanzwe	Soma urutonde	Kurwanya ubukana	Ibyiza - gukoresha neza
125 kHz (LF)	Ikarita ya prox ikarita / fob	Kugera kuri ~ 10 cm	Hasi cyane - ID ihamye, nta encryption	Hasi - ifata imiryango y'imbere; sisitemu yumurage kumasaha yo kwimuka
13.56 MHz (HF), MIFARE Classic	Ikarita ya karita yubwenge ishaje	~ 1-10 cm	Hasi - cipher yayo ya Crypto1 yaravunitse	Irinde ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose cyoroshye; fata nk'umurage
13.56 MHz (HF), DESFire EV2 / EV3 cyangwa SEOS	Ikarita yerekana ikarita yubwenge	~ 1-10 cm	High - modern mutual authentication	Ibisanzwe byubu kubakozi bafite umutekano badge
860 - 960 MHz (UHF)	Uburebure - ikarita yerekana ikarita / ikirangantego cyumuyaga	Kugera kuri 10+ m	Biratandukanye kubishyira mubikorwa	Amarembo yimodoka, amaboko - inzira zabanyamaguru

 

Umutego uri muri iyo mbonerahamwe ni umurongo wa kabiri. Abatanga ibicuruzwa benshi baracyasubiza "ni umutekano?" hamwe na "yego, ni 13.56 MHz," nkaho inshuro aririnda. Ntabwo aribyo. MIFARE Classic yimuye ikarita kumurongo mwinshi ariko yohereza cipher yihariye kuva kera yamenetse kandi ifunguye urufunguzo rufatika - ibitero byo kugarura (Umutekano Wamakuru Yumutekano). Imyifatire rero ikwiye gufata mukiganiro gikomokaho ntisobanutse: niba umucuruzi asubiramo MIFARE Classic akayisobanura nko kuzamura umutekano, fata ko ari igisubizo kitemewe, ntabwo ari ingingo yumushyikirano. Umutekano uyumunsi bisobanura ibanga ryibanga ryumuryango - imiryango yamakarita hamwe no kwemeza nyabyo, kandi inzu chip ibaho mubintu nabyo, kubera ko icyemezo kibaho imyaka itanu mumifuka na badge reels nicyo gifiteibikoresho byatoranijwe kugirango bisome urwego nigihe cyo kubaho, ntabwo igiciro cyibice.

 

Umutego wo guhuza amatafari meza yikarita nziza

Urashobora kugura ikirango cyizewe cyane cya RFID kumasoko kandi uracyafite kunanirwa gukingura urugi ukihagera. Nuburyo bwo kunanirwa butungura mbere - igihe no gusubiramo abaguzi kimwe, kandi ntaho bihuriye na chip. Bifitanye isano nuburyo nimero yikarita ipakiwe nimero umusomyi yabwiwe kwizera.

 

Ibitekerezo bibiri bikora ibyangiritse. Icya mbere nuko imiterere atariyo mibare. Imiterere ya karita yerekana uburyo amakuru yayo yashyizwe ahagaragara kandi agasomwa, kandi hejuru yuburyo bwa kera 26-biti hashobora kubaho imiterere myinshi itandukanye igabana uburebure bumwe, buriwese ashyira kode yikigo nimero yikarita mumwanya utandukanye. Iya kabiri ni code yikigo ubwayo, ikiranga gisangiwe gitsinda itsinda ryamakarita. Abasomyi nabagenzuzi bakunze gushyirwaho kugirango bemere neza kode imwe yikigo, bityo tekinike itunganijwe neza hamwe na code yikigo kitari cyo ntigaragara kuri sisitemu.

 

Uburyo ibyo gukina bivana rwose aho wicaye:

 

Urugero A.

Mumwanya umwe - urubuga rwatsi rwubaka, ufite uburambe bwo guhitamo imiterere imwe na code yikigo kimwe no kwandika byombi. Ibyago ni bike mugihe umuntu yabyanditse.

 

Urugero B.

Mu mbuga nyinshi - cyangwa kwagura ibikorwa, imiterere isanzwe ya 26-bit ihinduka inshingano, kubera ko kode y’ibikoresho 8-biti (0-255) na nimero yamakarita ya biti 16 (kugeza kuri 65.535) yerekana umwanya ushobora gukoreshwa ku ndangamuntu zigera kuri miliyoni 16.7 (kuri SIA 26-bit ya format ya Wiegand), kandi ahantu habiri hashyizweho numero yikarita. Imitungo minini ikeneye imiterere yagutse imbere.

 

Urugero C.

Muri reorder ya sisitemu iriho, inzira yonyine itekanye ni uguhuza imiterere nyayo na code yikigo isanzwe mumurima, bivuze kubamenya mbere yo gusaba cote aho kubivumbura nyuma yamakarita adasomye. Hano hari impinduka zijyanye nabatanga isoko benshi ntibazamura bonyine: ihuriro hagati yabasomyi nuwabigenzuye. Wiring ya Wiegand ni imwe - inzira kandi idafite ibanga, bityo nimero ya badge igenda uwo murongo irashobora guhagarikwa kandi igasubirwamo, niyo mpamvu ibyashizweho bishya bigenda byerekeza kuri OSDP yuburyo bubiri. Nta na kimwe muri ibyo kiri ku ikarita, ariko byose bihitamo niba ikarita watumije ikora.

 

Niki Ikarita yo Kwinjira Igura Mubuzima Bwuzuye

 

Kuri - igiciro cyikarita numubare muto mubyemezo. Ikiguzi nyacyo ni igiciro cyibiciro hiyongereyeho ibintu byose bibaho nyuma: gusubiramo amakarita yatakaye kandi yamenetse, guhagarika abafite abagenda, ndetse numunsi uhenze rimwe na rimwe iyo format cyangwa ikigo - kode idahuye ihatira reorder igice no gusura urubuga. Porogaramu yasaga ihendutse kumurongo wumurongo irashobora gukoresha igice cyingengo yimari yayo kuri churn, niyo mpamvu rwose urugero rwakazi muritweyose hamwe - igiciro - cya - igitabo gikinisha nyirizina kuri gahunda yamakarita ya hoteriikurikirana amakarita yumwaka yumwaka aho kuba stikeri.

Shira umubare kuri verisiyo mbi yiyo churn. Iyo 250 - igice cyo hejuru - hejuru yanze kubera ko code yacyo itajyanye nibyo abasomyi mumurima bategereje, igiciro cyubutaka bwayo makarita gikoreshwa inshuro eshatu kugeza kuri eshanu zumwimerere ku giciro cya - iyo wongeyeho icapiro, umusomyi re - ibipimo, hamwe no gusura umutekinisiye kugirango akore impamvu ntakintu gisoma. Mubyatubayeho, ubwo buryo bwo kubona ikarita yo kugenzura ikarita yo kunanirwa hafi ya byose hejuru-hejuru yashyizwemo utabanje kwemeza imiterere ihari mbere, niyo mpamvu ibiciro bihendutse hamwe nigiciro gito cyubuzima burigihe gake cyane murutonde rumwe.

Urupapuro rwihariye rwo gutuza mbere yuko wemera amagambo

 

Ibicuruzwa byinshi byateganijwe bikurikirana kuri cote yashubije ibibazo bike kurenza uko byakagombye. Mbere yo kugereranya ibiciro kuri badge iyo ari yo yose ya RFID, shyira hasi, kuko buri kimwe kiruma niba gisigaye ubusa.

 

Sobanura ibi	Impamvu iruma niba uyisimbutse
Chip umuryango hamwe na protocole	Kugena umutekano no guhuza abasomyi; "RFID" yonyine ntabwo ari sp
Itsinda ryinshyi	LF, HF, cyangwa UHF igomba guhuza abasomyi nurwego rwibyago
Urwego rwibanga	Gutandukanya ikarita yikarita yubwenge irinzwe na kopi
Imiterere ya Wiegand / OSDP hamwe na code yikigo	Impamvu imwe ikunze kugaragara amakarita yongeye kunanirwa gusoma
Ibikoresho byo guturamo no kurangiza	Gutwara umurima igihe cyo kubaho hamwe nubunini bwo gusimbuza
Gucapa no kwimenyekanisha	Indangamuntu yifoto, ikirangantego, nimero, uduce twa badge reel
MOQ no kuyobora igihe	Hitamo niba umuderevu nindege yagutse byombi bishoboka
Icyitegererezo na politiki yikizamini	Reka wemeze gusoma kubasomyi bawe mbere yo kwiyemeza

 

Kubicuruzwa byinshi hejuru yibice 500, funga imiterere na code yikigo wanditse mbere yicyitegererezo gikora, kuko re - kwerekana ikarita yihariye ya RFID yinjira hagati - umusaruro nicyo gihindura gahunda isanzwe ikongera. Utanga isoko ashobora kuvugana numurongo wose hejuru atabanje kugenzura nundi muntu mubusanzwe ni umutanga wakemuye uburyo bwo kunanirwa mbere, kandi urutonde rwungurura rwicecekera rwicuruza abacuruzi bagurisha ibicuruzwa byarangiye gusa, kubera ko akenshi badashobora gusubiza imiterere numurongo wihariye.

 

Impamvu Impamyabumenyi ikwiriye gushakishwa kuva muruganda rukora

Imiyoboro myinshi yatangajwe kuriyi nsanganyamatsiko yanditswe no kwinjira - igenzura software hamwe n’abacuruzi ba sisitemu, niyo mpamvu basobanura abasomyi n’ibibaho byimbitse kandi bagafata ikarita ubwayo nkigitekerezo. Ikarita ireka kuba igitekerezo nyuma yigihe nikintu cyananiranye kumuryango.

 

Gushakisha ibyangombwa biva muruganda ruhuza chip n'umuyaga antenne nibyo bituma reorder isomwa nyuma yimyaka ibiri. Impamvu ifata yicaye mubice byubucuruzi umucuruzi atigera abona: antenne yose yakomeretse kuri ± 0.1 mm, bityo amajwi - yiruka asoma murwego rumwe nicyitegererezo wemeye; resonant frequency hanyuma usome - intera pass / gutsindwa bigenzurwa kuri 100% yibice mbere yo koherezwa aho kuba - byatoranijwe; Icapiro ryibara rifashwe kuri ΔE <1, so reorder ihuye na badge yamaze kumurongo; n'ingingo ya mbere yoherejwe muminsi 7-15 yakazi, imiterere rero iremezwa kubasomyi bawe bwite mbere yo gukora byuzuye.

 

Syntek yahujije amakarita mu ikarita yo kugera ku gisenge kimwe kuva mu 2006, ifite ISO 9001 na CE, kandi ikohereza ibyangombwa mu Burayi, Amerika y'Amajyaruguru, no mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati, ubwoko bw'itsinda rishinzwe gutanga amasoko rishobora kugenzura mbere yuko icyitegererezo kimwe kigera.

 

Niba urimo gushakisha cyangwa gusimbuza umurage wa porokireri, intambwe ikurikiraho nigutondekanya no gutumiza amakarita yo kwinjira ahuye nabasomyi bawe barihoaho kugura imigabane rusange kandi twizeye ko iziyandikisha. Baza icyitegererezo cyubusa hamwe nisuzuma rigufi ubanza; gusoma umwe mubasomyi bawe bwite hamwe namakarita nyayo asubiza kurusha datasheet zose, kandi iminsi 7-15 yicyitegererezo ihinduka ikomeza ikizamini gihenze.

 

Ibibazo Rusange Kubijyanye na Badage ya RFID

Ikibazo: Ikarita yegeranye ya 125 kHz ifite umutekano uhagije kubiro?

Igisubizo: Kubintu byose byoroshye, nta - hasi - amakarita ya proksi ya proksi yabuze ibanga kandi irashobora gukopororwa hamwe nibikoresho bihendutse, biboneka henshi, kubwibyo byanditseho 13.56 MHz amakarita yubwenge niyo shingiro ryibanze.

Ikibazo: Ese badge nshya izakorana nabasomyi bacu basanzwe?

Igisubizo: Gusa niba inshuro, imiterere ya bit, hamwe na code yikigo bihuye nibyo abasomyi bawe basanzwe biteze; kudahuza kuri kimwe muri bitatu nimpamvu isanzwe amakarita mashya ananirwa kuhagera.

Ikibazo: Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati yikarita ya RFID nindangamuntu?

Igisubizo: Akenshi ntakintu - Ikarita ya RFID ni ikarita ndangamuntu ifite chip yashyizwemo, ikora nk'irangamuntu igaragara hamwe n'icyemezo cyo kutagira aho uhurira mugice kimwe.

Ikibazo: Ikarita imwe irashobora kuyobora, kwitabira, no kuyobora abashyitsi?

Igisubizo: Yego; icyemezo kimwe gishobora gutwara urugi, umwanya - na - kwitabira, kandi umushyitsi wigihe gito arengana iyo ihujwe nabasomyi bahujwe na software yo kuyobora.