Nigute Ikarita Yingenzi ya Hotel ya RFID hamwe nudupaki twingenzi bohereza?

 

Urupapuro rw'urufunguzo, Ikarita y'ingenzi, cyangwa Ibahasha y'urufunguzo - Ninde ugura mubyukuri?

 

Ijambo riremerewe gato, rikwiye gusobanurwa mbere yo kwerekana ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose. Mugutanga abashyitsi, paki y'urufunguzo (nanone yitwa ibahasha y'amakarita y'urufunguzo, amaboko ya karita, cyangwa ububiko bw'ikarita y'urufunguzo) ni impapuro zacapwe cyangwa ikarita - ufite ububiko urufunguzo rw'icyumba rwinjira muri cheque - muri. Irinda ikarita kunama no demagnetisiyonike, igaha intebe yimbere umwanya wo kwandika nimero yicyumba, kandi igatwara ikirango cyumutungo. Kubwonyine ntabwo ifite imikorere ya elegitoroniki.

 

Ibicuruzwa bibiri bidafitanye isano bisangiye amazina asa kandi rimwe na rimwe bigaragara mubisubizo bimwe byubushakashatsi: ibice byingenzi bifatika byakoreshejwe mubugenzuzi nyabwo - kugenzura imitungo (rimwe na rimwe "umugenzuzi wingenzi paki"), hamwe na blist - ipaki yimiti igurishwa munsi yizina nka Urufunguzo - Pak. Niba urutonde rugufi rwabatanga rurimo kimwe muribi, bakemura ikibazo gitandukanye rwose, gikwiye kumanikwa hakiri kare kugirango ibahasha yingenzi yikarita ibahasha RFP itavangwa.

 

Kubintu byose bikurikira, turashaka kuvuga verisiyo yo kwakira abashyitsi: urupapuro rwimpapuro, kandi cyane cyane, ikarita ya RFID cyangwa magnetiki - ikarita yinjira imbere.

 

Ibyemezo bibiri byerekana mubyukuri umutekano: Chip Grade na Lock Compatibility

 

Iyo paki imaze kuva kumeza nkikintu cyumutekano, kugura biza kumpinduka ebyiri: icyo chip iri imbere yikarita, kandi niba kodegisi ya chip ihuye na platifomu yawe. Saflok, Onity, Dormakaba, hamwe na sisitemu isa buri wese yitezeho amakuru atandukanye gato kurikarita.

 

 

Ibyo bisa nkibidafite akamaro kurupapuro rwihariye. Hano niho yahagaritse kuba nto kumitungo imwe. Icyiciro cyamakarita 500 yerekeje kumurongo wuburuhukiro bwiburasirazuba bwa Aziya wasomye neza kumusomyi wa demo ku ntebe yacu: itara ryatsi, gusoma neza, buri karita. Kurubuga, buri karita yataye "ikarita itemewe" kumuryango. Iminsi ibiri yo kwisuzumisha kure yabikurikiranye no kuvugurura software ikora uruganda rufunga yari yarasunitse hashize amezi atatu bihindura uburyo igenzura ryumurenge ryemewe; umwirondoro wa kodegisi twahawe yarabiteguye. Ububiko bw'amakarita no gucapa byari bitagira inenge. Imiryango ntiyakinguye. Icyo cyuho kiri hagati ya "soma ku ntebe" na "gikingura umuryango" niho rwose anti-{8}} clone ya hoteri yamakarita ya hoteri yatumije nabi.

 

Kuramba bivuga inkuru isa, kandi ntukeneye kuyifata kubwo kwizera; irerekana muburyo bwa reorder. Nkurugero rukomeye rwinganda, amakarita ya magnetiki - mubisanzwe akenera gusimburwa mugihe cyamezi 6-12 yumuvuduko mwinshi wabatumirwa, mugihe amakarita ya RFID yashizwemo neza akoresha imyaka 2-33 munsi yumutwaro umwe. A kuri - igiciro cyikarita igomba gusubirwamo inshuro eshatu inshuro nyinshi ntabwo ihendutse; ni amafaranga - icyemezo cyo gutembera wambaye igice - imyambarire.

 

Ukuntu amakarita y'ingenzi ya Hotel abona Clone mu murima

 

Birakwiye ko dusobanukirwa uburyo, kuko "Ikarita ya RFID irashobora gukoronizwa" ivugwa nkikintu gifatika ntakubera iki, nakubera ikinicyo kikubwira amakarita mubyukuri.

 

Ikibazo cya kera kandi cyakwirakwiriye cyane kuri MIFARE Classic's Crypto - 1 cipher, abashakashatsi mu by'amasomo bo muri kaminuza ya Radboud bahinduye imashini kugeza mu 2008 (Ububiko bwa IACR). Ikarita kuri uwo muryango wa chip yemeza hamwe na gahunda yamenetse kumugaragaro mumyaka irenga icumi, nyamara, kubera ko ibyuma byinshi byashizwemo biterwa nayo, biracyakwirakwizwa mumitungo itigeze izamurwa.

 

Urubanza rushya kandi rutamenyerewe rwagaragaye mu 2024: chip yasohowe byumwihariko kugirango ikureho icyuho cyakera (FM11RF08S) yaje gutwara ibyuma byayo - inenge, bituma ureka igitero gifite iminota mike yo kubona kumubiri ikarita imwe ikuramo ibintu byose byateganijwe ()Amakuru ya Hacker). Kwikuramo ntabwo "wirinde iyo chip imwe." Ni uko ikirango cyo kwamamaza cya chip ("yazamuye," "ibanga," "ubutaha - igisekuru") ntigisimburwa no kugenzura uburyo bwacyo bwo kwemeza. Ikarita idashingiye ku kindi uretse indangamuntu y'ikarita ihamye, nta guhanahana amakuru hagati y'amakarita no gufunga, ni byo byoroshye muri byose kwigana hamwe n'ibikoresho bihendutse, ibyo gupakira bivuga. Niba gusimbuka kumuryango biri murwego rwo kugutera ubwoba, uwo ni umurongo utandukanye. InkinzoRFID - guhagarika ikaritaadresse interset, ntabwo ikoronije, kandi byombi bitiranya burigihe.

 

Kugaragaza Ikarita Yizewe: AES, MIFARE Yongeyeho SL3, hamwe no Kwemeza

 

Gukosora ntabwo bigoye iyo imiterere ya chip isobanutse, kandi ntaho ihuriye nu paki yingenzi ikarita yoherejwe. Inganda zigenda ziva kuri UID - gusa hamwe namakarita ya Crypto-1 yerekeza kuri chip ukoresheje ibanga rya AES-128 hamwe no kwemeza: ikarita numusomyi buri wese agenzura undi mbere yuko amakuru yose yinjira ahindura amaboko, aho kugirango umusomyi yizere indangamuntu iyo ari yo yose ikarita itanga.

 

Ubwoko bwa Chip	Uburyo bwo Kwemeza	Kurwanya Kurwanya	Gukoresha Urubanza Muri iki gihe
UID - gusa / hafi yegeranye	Indangamuntu ihamye gusa	Hasi cyane	Umurage, ukurwaho
MIFARE Classic (Crypto-1)	Cipher nyirizina, yamenetse kuva 2008	Hasi	Nini yashizweho shingiro, kuzamura umukandida
MIFARE Yongeyeho SL3	AES-128, kwemeza	Hejuru	Inzira ifatika yo kuzamura ibintu byinshi
DESFire EV - urukurikirane	AES-128 / 3DES, kwemeza	Hejuru	Hejuru - umutekano cyangwa byinshi - byoherejwe

 

AES - 128 kuri ubu ivurwa hirya no hino mu ruganda - igenzura nk’uko bidashoboka kubara imbaraga - hamwe n’ibikoresho biriho by’abaguzi cyangwa ibikoresho by’ubucuruzi, niyo mpamvu MIFARE Plus SL3 yahindutse ikibanza cyo hagati yimitungo yimuka ikava muri DESFire yuzuye. Ariko icyo cyifuzo gikubiyemo ibintu byinshi abatanga ibicuruzwa batazamura mu izina ryawe: SL3 ifasha gusa mugihe porogaramu yawe ifunze ya software ifasha kuyisoma kurwego rwumutekano wishyura. Inzira yo kubyemeza ntabwo ari ukwemera chip datasheet; ni ugusaba gufunga nimero yimikorere ya software hanyuma ukagira ikarita yikitegererezo igeragezwa kuri iyo software mbere yuko usohoka. Gutumiza amakarita ya SL3 kurwanya ibifunga biracyashyizweho kugirango usome urwego-rwo gusoma nuburyo busanzwe iyi mishinga ihagarara, kandi haracyariho binini binini byashizweho byumurage MIFARE ibyuma byumurima kugirango ikosa ryoroshye gukora. Aha kandi niho porogaramu yamakarita yingenzi ya hoteri yingenzi kandi ihuyeUrufunguzo rwa RFIDibyangombwa biri mubintu bimwe, abakozi rero nabashyitsi bakorera kumurongo umwe wagenzuwe aho kuba ikarita ikomeye ihujwe na fob idakomeye.

 

Amakosa atatu yo gutanga amasoko agura kabiri

 

Intoki zishusho zigaragara kenshi bihagije hakuryaikarita y'ingenzi ya hoteriko bakwiriye kuvuga amazina ataziguye, kuko buriwese akunda kuvumburwa nyuma yamakarita yoherejwe.

Ntukemere amagambo mu magambo hano. Baza umubare nyawo wa chip igice wanditse hamwe nibikoresho byanditse byanditse - ibisubizo byikizamini cyo guhuza imiterere yihariye yo gufunga mbere yuko PO itangwa. Iya kabiri ni gufata ifunga - guhuza urubuga nkikibazo cyabatanga gukemura nyuma yukuri aho kuba ikintu cyemejwe mbere yumusaruro. Nibyo rwose uburyo icyiciro cyarangiye cyacapwe neza kandi kidashobora gukingura urugi rumwe. Iya gatatu ni gufata urufunguzo cyangwa terefone - urufunguzo rushingiye ku buryo bwikora neza kuruta ikarita ifatika; mubikorwa byinshi biriho ubu terefone irigana ibyangombwa bimwe byibanze bya chip, bityo rero chip idakomeye ntishobora gukomera gusa kuko iteganijwe kuri ecran.

 

Dore impamvu "yavumbuwe nyuma yo kohereza" nigice gihenze, mubyukuri. Kuri 5.000 - ikarita ikora, amakarita magana yambere yatanzwe kubyemejwe asoma neza; ibyananiranye ntibigaragara kugeza igihe umutungo urimo kodegisi no gutanga mubunini, mugihe igipimo cyo gusoma - cyatsinzwe gishobora gutangira kuzamuka ahantu harenga ikarita ya 3.000, iyo kodegisi ya marginal cyangwa antenne - ikibazo cyo gutunganya cyongeye kwigana mugice cyose. Icyo gihe gukosora ntabwo ari re -, ni kongera gukora. Nibyo kugwiza kwihisha inyuma yigiciro gito kubicuruzwa byinshi byapakiye.

 

Ibibera Mubicuruzwa Byacu Mbere yo Kohereza Ikarita

 

Iki nigice abatanga isoko muriki cyiciro badashobora kuvugana nabo, kuko benshi muribo bagurisha amakarita yashizweho nundi muntu. Chip guhuza hamwe na kodegisi nintambwe ebyiri aho ibibazo byo guhuza bikunze guturuka, kandi intambwe ebyiri uwagabanije mubusanzwe nta bigaragara.

 

 

Twiruka byombi munzu -. Ibyo bivuze gukemura ibyakiriwe neza byo kwakira abashyitsi mugihe kingana na miliyoni ebyiri zamakarita kumwaka kubakiriya basubiramo, hiyongereyeho ingano isa nigihe kirekire - ikora imyidagaduro - kwishyuza parike. Ibyo ni uburyo bwo gutondekanya ibintu bifata gusa niba kodegisi kandi igasoma kwizerwa guma guma guma nyuma yicyiciro, ntabwo ari icyitegererezo cyemewe gusa. Buri karita ivuye hasi inyura 100% yipimisha mbere yo gupakira, niyo ntambwe ifata kodegisi idahuye mbere yuko iba ikibazo cyimbere - aho kuba nyuma.

 

Kubona Guhuza - Kugenzura Icyitegererezo Mbere yo Gutumiza

 

Inzira yihuse yo kuziba icyuho kiri hagati yurupapuro rwihariye nukuri gufungura imiryango ni ukugerageza mbere yo kwiyemeza kwiruka. Sangira urubuga rwawe rwo gufunga (Saflok, Onity, Dormakaba, cyangwa indi sisitemu) hamwe nubunini bukabije, kandi dushobora kohereza icyitegererezoIkarita y'ingenzi ya RFIDkodegisi kugirango ihuze ibyuma byawe bihari, kubwibyo guhuza bisubizwa mbere, ntabwo nyuma, amato yuzuye yoherejwe. Urashobora gutangira icyo kiganiro ukoresheje ibyacuurupapuro rwiperereza.

 

Ibibazo