RFID Ibyingenzi Byamahoteri nu Biro: Nigute Guhitamo Ibikwiye

Urufunguzo rwa RFID rusa nkibintu byoroheje byumurongo mumushinga wo kugenzura, ikirango gito cya plastike kuri keyring. Nibice kandi bishoboka cyane kurohama, kandi ntibishobora gutsindwa kumuryango. Birananirana ibyumweru mbere, kurutonde rwo kugura, mugihe umuntu yibwira ko tagi izakorana gusa nugufunga bimaze kumanikwa kurukuta. Mugihe pallet ya fobs yacapishijwe neza igeze kandi ameza yimbere agasanga kimwe cya kabiri cyinzugi zidafungura, igiciro cyibice gito cyahindutse bucece umubare uhenze cyane wigihembwe.

 

 

Kuki tagi imwe yitwara ukundi muri lobby hamwe nicyumba cya seriveri

 

Kuraho inzira yo guhitamo kandiurufunguzo rfid rwo kugenzura kugenzurairamanuka mubintu bibiri byerekana niba ikora: chip imbere, kandi niba iyo chip ihuye numusomyi wawe cyangwa gufunga. Ibindi byose, kuvaABS cyangwa uruhuku kirangantego cyacapwe nuburyo bwa keyring, ni trim. Shyira chip hamwe na kodegisi neza naho ibindi ni logistique; ubakemure nabi kandi wishyura kabiri, rimwe kubirango bidafungura imiryango nubundi kuri reorder cyangwa relock ikurikira. Icyo cyemezo kimwe nicyo gice cyubatswe hafi, kuko aricyo abaguzi bakunze gusimbuka.

 

 

Inshuro na chip: igice cyibisobanuro gifata icyemezo

 

Band	Urutonde rusanzwe	Aho bihuye	Umutekano
LF 125kHz (EM4100, T5577)	~ 10 cm	inzugi nziza, sisitemu yumurage, kwitabira shingiro	gutangaza ibyangombwa bisobanutse; byandukuwe
HF 13.56MHz (MIFARE, DESFire, NFC)	kugeza kuri cm 10	icyumba n'inzugi zo mu biro zikeneye encryption	ishyigikira kwemeza; DESFire EV - icyiciro nigikorwa cyumutekano gisanzwe
UHF	kugeza kuri metero nyinshi	amarembo yimodoka, parikingi, ndende - intera yasomwe	korohereza - yayoboye; gushishoza biratandukana kubicuruzwa

 

Kubintu byose birinda abantu cyangwa umutungo, kodegisi ya 13.56MHz ya rfid yingenzi igomba kuba isanzwe, kandi 125kHz ni iy'umurage woroheje umurage, ntabwo ari umutekano. Ibyinshi nibyifuzo bihamye, ntabwo bishoboka. Icyo kidakemura nicyo chip ya HF, yihariye ya MIFARE cyangwa DESFire umusomyi wawe nugufunga azemera mubyukuri, kandi niho guhuza, atari inshuro, bihinduka irembo ryukuri.

 

Igiciro gikurikirana icyo cyemezo kimwe kuruta ikintu cyose cyacapwe kuri fob: urwego rwa chip nirwo runini runini kubiciro byigice, hamwe no gucapa no kurangiza isegonda ya kure. A.shingiro ya 125kHz hamwe na DESFire fobntabwo arubuguzi bumwe, kandi amagambo ahendutse cyane kurenza ayandi arakubwira urwego rwicaye bucece.

 

Icyuho cyumutekano ntamuntu ucapisha kurupapuro rwibicuruzwa

 

Impapuro zidasanzwe zipfukirana ibizakurikiraho. Igisubizo rusange kuri "rfid urufunguzo rufunguzo rushobora gukoronizwa?" ni icyizere "ibigezweho ni ibanga." Igisubizo cyukuri nuko biterwa rwose na chip wakiriye mubyukuri, kandi umubare utangaje wabaguzi ntibazi icyo bakiriye.

 

Hasi - inshuro 125kHz fobs ibika ibyangombwa byabo nta encryption kandi ikabigeza kubasomyi bose babajije. A sub - $ 30 kopi yimashini ikoporora imwe mumasegonda; Flipper Zero ibikora munsi yisegonda, ikoresheje umufuka. Ikibabaje kuruta kopi ubwayo ni ubugenzuzi - ahantu h'impumyi: clon ya 125kHz yerekana ibyangombwa byanditseho indangamuntu imwe niyumwimerere, sisitemu rero ntishobora kubwira kopi kuva tagi nyayo, kandi ibyinjira bitemewe birashobora kwicara ibyumweru bitamenyekanye.

 

Hagati - urwego ntiruhita rufite umutekano. MIFARE Classic, iracyari imwe mu miyoboro ikoreshwa cyane itagira aho ihurira, yishingikiriza kuri cipher yihariye ya 48-bit (Crypto-1) abashakashatsi basenye mu myaka yashize, hamwe nurufunguzo rusubirana mu minota (Kaminuza ya Radboud). Kandi mu 2024, abashakashatsi mu by'umutekano banditse inyuma y’ibyuma muri chip yagurishijwe cyane "MIFARE - ihuza", Fudan FM11RF08S, bayisanga mu mahoteri yo muri Amerika, Uburayi n'Ubuhinde (Quarkslab). Ikintu kitoroheye ni uko "MIFARE ihuje" kuri cote ntago ihwanye n "" umutekano, "kandi chip ihendutse ihuje irashobora gutwara ibyago label itigeze ivuga.

 

Undi mugani ukwiye gusezera: guhinduranya terefone - urufunguzo rwa mobile ntirushobora kuzamura umutekano. Kwigana chip idakomeye kuri terefone yimura gusa intege nke; ntabwo ikuraho. Umutekano uba muri protocole, ntabwo uri mubintu bifatika.

 

Aho amabwiriza ya fob agenda nabi

 

Hafi ya buri kintu cyananiranye rfid urufunguzo rwa fob itondekanya kuri imwe muri eshatu zishobora kwirindwa, kandi ntanumwe ufite inenge yo gukora.

 

Iya mbere ni kugura ku giciro cyonyine. Ububiko buke hamwe na lamination yoroheje iracika kandi igashira munsi yubushuhe no guterana burimunsi, hamwe na fob ipfa mukwezi bine igura amafaranga menshi cyane mubisubiramo no kurega kuruta ibice byijana yazigamye. Iya kabiri ni gufata neza nkikibazo cyabatanga kuvumbura nyuma yo kohereza; iyo fob "isoma kumeza yerekanirwamo ariko igapfira kumuryango," chip isanzwe iba nziza; guhuza kodegisi cyangwa chip - ubwoko bwumukino ni bibi, kandi icyitegererezo cyambere - cyageragejwe kumugozi nyawo cyaba cyarafashe kubusa. Icya gatatu ni ugutekereza ko uburyo bushya aribwo bwizewe, mugihe kuzamura mobile cyangwa "guhuza" bishobora kongera gucecekesha intege nke cyane wagerageje gutegura.

 

Igishushanyo nugutanga: buri kimwe muribi gifatwa nintambwe imwe ihendutse, cyafashwe mbere yuko igice kinini gikora kuruta nyuma yacyo.

 

Guhitamo urutonde urashobora gukora mubyukuri

 

Mbere yo gukora agakondo rfid urufunguzo fob yinyubako y'ibirocyangwa hoteri ya hoteri kubyara umusaruro, wemeze ibi bikurikira kurwanya ibidukikije nyabyo, ntabwo ari urupapuro:

 

• Umuryango wa chip hamwe na chip yerekana neza abasomyi bawe cyangwa ibifunga bategereje (variant yihariye ya MIFARE cyangwa DESFire, urugero), ntabwo "13.56MHz" gusa

 

• Imiterere ya UID, kode yikigo, hamwe na kodegisi iyo ari yo yose sisitemu isaba

 

• Urwego rwibanga urwego rwerekana: shishoza HF kumiryango, LF gusa kuri - ifitemo ibyiza

 

• Niba fobs izashyirwaho kode yawe kurubuga - cyangwa pre - yashizweho nuwabikoze

 

• Icyitegererezo - icyitegererezo cyageragejwe kumugozi nyirizina, umusomyi, kodegisi na software, ntabwo bigereranywa n'intebe

 

• Kuri hoteri, kwemeza kurwanya umurongo wafunzwe mbere yubunini; kubiro, gusobanura gusobanura no re - uburyo bwo gutanga ibyangombwa byatakaye

 

Koresha urwo rutonde kandi rfid urufunguzo rwa fob ruhagarike kuba urusimbi hanyuma ruhinduke agasanduku: hoteri - tagi yicyumba yemerewe kurwanya urusobe rwibinyabuzima, mugihe fob yo mubiro yemerewe kurubuga rwubuyobozi hamwe nicyangombwa - ubuzima bwubuzima. Urutonde rumwe, gushimangira gutandukanye.

 

Kuki uwakoze inyuma ya fob afite agaciro kuruta igiciro

 

Inzira zose uko ari eshatu zananiranye zisangiye inkomoko imwe: zitangira guhuza no gushushanya, intambwe ebyiri isosiyete yubucuruzi itanga isoko kandi ntishobora kugenzura byimazeyo, kandi neza neza aho gutsindwa kwinshi bitangirira. Gura urufunguzo rfid fob kubacuruzi kandi izo ntambwe zombi zibera ahantu udashobora kubona. Gura mu ruganda rukora chip guhuza hamwe na kodegisi mu nzu - kandi bicaye imbere muri sisitemu nziza.

 

Ngiyo urubanza nyarwo rwo gushakisha ibicuruzwa bya rfid byingenzi biva mu ruganda aho kubigurisha: kugenzura intambwe ebyiri zerekana niba ibyangombwa bikora, igenzura ryanyuma aho kugenzura ibibanza, hamwe n’ibipimo bifite inenge biri munsi yijana kumurongo wo hejuru -. Irerekana mu myitwarire isubiramo. Kode yacu hamwe na stabilite yacu ni stress - igeragezwa na gahunda zigenda zipima igipimo uko umwaka utashye: gahunda ya banki - gahunda yikarita itondekanya ibyangombwa bya miriyoni ebyiri buri mwaka, kwidagadura - kwishyiriraho parike bifata izindi miliyoni ebyiri, kandi, kuruhande rwa fob byumwihariko, inyubako y’Abafaransa - igera kuri miliyoni 8} Subiramo amabwiriza kuri kiriya gipimo ni gihamya yukuri yerekana ko kodegisi ifata igihe, ntabwo iri kumurongo wicyitegererezo. Mu isoko ryagutse rya RFID, rifite agaciro ka miliyari 15.6 US $ muri 2025 ukurikije imibare ya IDTechEx, ibyangombwa byo hejuru - byifashishwa mu gukoresha umutekano byinjira hejuru y’agaciro kangana kuri - agaciro kangana kurenza tagi ya UHF ikoreshwa neza kubera ko umutekano ari ingingo yose. Nubundi buryo bwo kuvuga chip niho amafaranga na risque byombi bicara.

 

Niba uri gushakisha kwiruka nonaha, iyi niyo stade ahouruganda - kuyobora RFID urufunguzo rwo gukora fobyinjiza kubika: icyitegererezo hamwe no kugenzura guhuza bibaho mbere yijwi, ntabwo nyuma yikirego.