Niki Clone ya RFID Ikora kandi ikora ite muri sisitemu yumutekano igezweho?

Duplicator iravuza kandi ecran ivugaandika neza. Icyapa kijya inyuma ya terefone. Ku muryango, umusomyi ntacyo akora: nta beep, nta LED, nta kwinjira byinjira. Umukiriya ahagaze hamwe nibicuruzwa byagerageje neza hashize iminota icumi.

 

Iyi niyo tike yo gushyigikirwa cyane tubona kubaguzi bagurisha duplication, kandi hafi ya byose kopi yakoze neza nkuko yagombaga. Ikibazo cyingirakamaro rero kijyanye na clone ya RFID ntabwo ari ukumenya niba inyandiko yakoze. Nibindi byagombaga kuba ukuri kubyo kwandika kugirango urokoke urugendo kuva kuntebe kugera kumuryango.

 

 

 

 

Ijambocloneahisha ko hari inzira ebyiri zubuhanga zidafitanye isano munsi yazo, kandi kuzitiranya niho isoko ibanza kugenda nabi.

 

Hasi - inshuro 125 kHz ibyangombwa, bivuze ko umuryango EM4100 / TK4100 usanzwe mugucunga umurage, wigana mukwandika indangamuntu nshya muri chip ya T5577 cyangwa EM4305 kugirango igaragaze umwirondoro wumwimerere. Hejuru - inshuro 13.56 MHz ibyangombwa bishingiye kuri MIFARE Ibikorwa bya kera bitandukanye. Ikiranga kidasanzwe kibaho muri blok 0, kuri chip isanzwe isomwa - gusa, bityo rero UID ishobora guhinduka RFID ikenewe mbere yuko kwigana bishoboka na gato. Itegeko rishyiraho iyi miryango yombi gusubiza kugirango ryandike muburyo burambuye numuryango ufungura - isoko yubushakashatsi bukomeza ibikoresho bya Proxmark (RfidResearchGroup), na interineti ya HF ubwayo isobanuwe muri ISO / IEC 14443.

 

Kubaguzi ibisobanuro ni bigufi: inshuro zigomba guhuza abasomyi mbere yikindi kibazo cyose.

 

Iyo nteruro nukuri kandi niho abantu benshi bahagarara, niyo mpamvu ibyiciro byinshi bikomeza kunanirwa nyuma yo kugenzura inshuro. Guhuza inshuro zibona gusa icyapa mubiganiro. Niba umusomyi yemera ibyo yunvise ubutaha biterwa nibisubizo bya chip, kandi ibyo ni akayunguruzo kihariye, gakoreshwa nibikoresho utagenzura. Niba sisitemu yintego ikora kuri 13.56 MHz, imiterere ya UID - numusomyi - ibibazo byimyitwarire birakwiye ko ubikora wenyine mbere yuko icyitegererezo cyose gicibwa (MIFARE - icyiciro cyo gushakisha inyandiko).

 

 

Dore impinduka ihitamo niba gahunda ya cloneable RFID itondekanya ikora ituje cyangwa igahinduka umurongo uhoraho, kandi ntibikunze kugaragara kurupapuro rwihariye: ibisekuruza bya "magic" bya chip ya HF.

Imashini ya Gen1a isaba gukanguka inyuma yinyuma - hejuru mbere yuko blok 0 ishobora kwandikwa. Imashini ya Gen2 itaziguye - andika kandi wemere itegeko risanzwe ryo kwandika ridafite urutonde rwihariye. Imwe - igihe - andika amasomo nka FUID ureke gusubiza itegeko ryinyuma nyuma yumwanya wambere 0 uhindure, ufunga kopi burundu. Ohereza umukiriya ibice 5000 aho 3.000 ari Gen1a na 2000 ni Gen2, kandi niba sitasiyo yabo yo gutangiza porogaramu itanga gusa urutonde rwinyuma, igice cya Gen2 cyacitse ukigera: ntabwo gifite inenge, gusa ntigishobora gukoreshwa nibikoresho bafite. Nibintu bitanu - shusho wandike - off byatewe numurongo kumurongo wo kugura ntanumwe wujuje.

 

Icyiciro cya Chip	Hagarika 0 uburyo bwo kwandika	Re - byandikwa nyuma ya kopi yambere	Abaguzi basanzwe
Gen1a magic	Inyuma yinyuma - hejuru itegeko	Yego, inshuro nyinshi	Abakoresha hamwe na Proxmark - ibikoresho by'ishuri
Gen2 magic	Andika neza, itegeko risanzwe	Yego, inshuro nyinshi	Ibikoresho bivanze bivanze, Android - ishingiye kumurimo
FUID / umwe - igihe	Inyuma, banza uhindure gusa	Oya, gufunga nyuma yo kwandika bwa mbere	Serivisi zigomba gukumira re - gukonjesha hepfo

 

Hariho uburyo bwa kabiri, buhoro buhoro uburyo bwo gutsindwa bukwiye kumenya. Imashini ya magic yambere yari ifite inenge muburyo bakemuye umwanya muto wo guhagarara imbere muri ISO 14443 - 2 bit bit. Ikarita nyayo yahagarara aho amakarita yubumaji yakomezaga, hanyuma abasomyi bakavugururwa hamwe nayunguruzo rwerekana urutoki neza iyo myitwarire, amaherezo igasunika izo chipi kumusaruro. Kubacuruzi ingaruka ziza zitinze: icyiciro cya cloneable RFID cyatsinze ikizamini cyose uyumunsi kirashobora kwangwa bucece numusomyi wavuguruwe na software nyuma y'amezi cumi n'umunani, hashize igihe kinini fagitire.

 

Nta mutanga ushobora gusezeranya umusomyi wumusomyi imyitwarire yigihe kizaza, kandi umuntu wese ubikora arakeka. Ibyo ushobora gukora ni amasezerano aho kuba tekiniki, kandi biza mubintu bine. Kosora neza umubare wibice bya chip muri PO aho kwemera "MIFARE - ihuza". Saba imibare myinshi yacapwe cyangwa yanditswe kuri buri karito, bityo ikibazo cyikibazo gishobora kwigunga aho kwibuka umwaka wibisohoka. Gumana ingero zifunze kuri buri gice kumpande zombi. Kandi wemere hakiri kare re - ibizamini ninde ukuramo ikiguzi niba porogaramu yumusomyi wumukiriya ihinduye amasezerano -. Nta na kimwe muri ibyo kidasanzwe. Nibikorwa bisanzwe mubisanzwe byatanzwe, kandi nibyo bitandukanya ibyakurikiranwe nimpaka. Imiryango ya chip inyuma yibi byemezo nimwe natwekubaka duplication - urwego fobs hamwe na stickers hirya no hino, niyo mpamvu umubare wigice ari kurutonde aho kuba mubiganiro byo kugurisha.

 

Umutego muto wicaye imbere yintambwe ubwayo. Byte ikurikira UID ni cheque ya BCC, XOR ya bine ya UID, no kwandika agaciro katemewe - amatafari ya chip. Ku murongo muremure - umurongo ugwa mu buryo butaziguye ku gipimo cy’ibisigazwa, iyi ikaba ari imwe mu mpamvu zituma icyiciro gihoraho ari ikibazo cyo gukora aho kuba ikibazo cyamahirwe.

 

 

Inganda zinganda zivuga ko inkoni ari stikeri kandi impinduka zonyine ni diameter kandi zifata. Kunanirwa kwitiranya cyane muriki cyiciro cyibicuruzwa bivuga ukundi. Kuramo inkoni ikora kumasanduku, uyishyire inyuma ya terefone cyangwa ku isahani yumuryango wibyuma, hanyuma intera irasenyuka cyangwa irazimira. Chip ni nziza. Fiziki yarahindutse.

 

 

Gukosora ni ferrite yo kwigunga hagati ya stikeri nicyuma, igarura intera ikoreshwa mugukomeza flux hanze yubuso. Ariko uburyo bwo kugenzura ibyuma birwanya ibyuma bya RFID biracyakenewe icyemezo aho kuba agasanduku, kandi imbibi ni hafi. Niba intego yo gusoma intera ari ngufi, bivuze ko umusomyi wurukuta uyikoresha akanda, guhinduranya wenyine akenshi bigarura intera ihagije nta ferrite namba. Niba icyapa kigomba gukora hejuru ya moderi yuzuye ya batiri cyangwa isahani yumuryango wicyuma, ferrite ntabwo ihitamo nubunini bwingirakamaro. Abatanga ibikoresho nka Laird batangaza impapuro zisanzwe zingana na 0,05, 0.1 na 0.2 mm kuri iki cyiciro cyo gusaba, hamwe na 0.3 mm ziboneka kubisabwa, kandi impera yoroheje yurwo rutonde ikunda munsi ya - ikora kuri 125 kHz aho ingano ya flux ari nini. Ikinyuranyo cyikirere cyonyine nikibi cyane kwisi: kongeramo byinshi mbere yuko kongeramo intera.

 

Akaba ariyo mpamvu ibitangwa hano ari igipimo aho kuba ikirego. Imibare ya santimetero yuzuye igenda nabi hagati yimishinga, kubera ko muri sisitemu ihujwe na sisitemu igisenge gishyirwaho numusomyi: itegeko ryingirakamaro ryintoki ni uko intera ntarengwa igwa hafi inshuro ebyiri kugeza kuri ebyiri z'umusomyi wa antenne. Urugendo niki kigereranyo. Imbonerahamwe ikurikira ni ibahasha yo kwemererwa dukora kugirango yubake, yerekanwe kuri buri cyiciro cyambaye ubusa - ibice fatizo:

 

Imiterere yo kuzamuka	Ubwubatsi	Ibisubizo biteganijwe vs baseline	Urubanza
Bare itari - hejuru yicyuma	Ikimenyetso cya 0.9 mm	100% kubisobanuro. Ku giceri cya 25-30 mm cy'igiceri kirwanya umusomyi usanzwe urukuta ibi bicaye kumpera yo hasi ya cm 1-10	Reba icyiciro
Isahani yicyuma, guhuza	Ikimenyetso cya 0.9 mm	Hafi ya zeru, mubisanzwe nta gusoma na gato	Ntugasubiremo iyi nyubako
Isahani	Sticker + 0.2 - 0.3 mm ferrite	60–80%	Emera kuri Birenze cyangwa bingana na 60%
Terefone inyuma, hejuru ya bateri	Ikimenyetso cya 0.9 mm	Hafi ya zeru	Ntugasubiremo iyi nyubako
Terefone inyuma, impande, isukuye igiceri	Sticker + 0.2 - 0.3 mm ferrite	40-70%, biratandukana na terefone	Emera kuri Birenze cyangwa bingana na 50% muburyo butatu bwa terefone

 

Koresha inshuro imwe kurwanya umusomyi wawe bwite hanyuma wandike icyitegererezo na diameter ya antenne kuruhande rwimibare. Uru rupapuro rumwe rusubiza byinshi mubyo umukiriya azabaza mukwezi kwa mbere gutangira. Niba kandi terefone - imbogamizi yo kwishyiriraho igaragara ko atari ngombwa, inzu yurufunguzo ikuraho ikibazo cyose, gikwiye gupimwa mbere yo kwiyemeza gukora ikintu cyose (guhitamo fob kubikorwa byo kugenzura imishinga).

 

 

 

Hano hari impande zikomeye kuri iki cyiciro, kandi kuba ugororotse kubyerekeye igice cyo kuba isoko yizewe. Ibyangombwa byabitswe nka DESFire EV3, SEOS, hamwe nibisekuru bya MIFARE bigezweho byakozwe muburyo bwo kurwanya kwigana, kandi abasomyi benshi bariho banze kopi burundu. Gusa umurage, imiterere idafite ibanga irashobora kwigana. Isoko ryagutse rigenda gutya nkana: kugera - kugenzura abasomyi bava mumurongo muto -, byandukuwe byoroshye amakarita yegeranye yerekeranye nibanga ryibanga ryibanga hamwe nibintu byinshi - byemewe kumuryango (360iUbushakashatsi). Impapuro ebyiri za RFID kugirango igenzure igenzurwa ifite igabanuka ryibanze ryibanze, kandi kwitwaza ukundi nta muguzi utonesha.

 

"Guhuza" nabyo ntabwo bisobanura "amajwi". Igihe abashakashatsi basuzumaga FM11RF08S, chip yagurishijwe cyane nka MIFARE Classic - isimburwa rihuye, basanze inyuma yicyuma gishobora kugerwaho hifashishijwe ikarita - igitero gusa, gishobora kwerekana umukoresha -Quarkslab, ikoresheje CyberInsider).

 

None umuguzi akwiye gukora iki? Ibintu bitatu, byose bigenzurwa uhereye kuruhande rwawe kumeza. Baza umubare wibice bya chip hamwe nu mucuruzi wapfuye mu izina aho kuba umuryango, kuko "MIFARE - ihuza 1K" isobanura chip icumi zifite amateka atandukanye yumutekano. Baza niba utanga ibicuruzwa ahuza ibyuma byayo cyangwa agura inlays zuzuye, kubera ko uruganda rukora chip yarwo - umurongo uhuza rwakira ubufindo bwa IC mu buryo butaziguye kandi rushobora kukubwira aho icyiciro cyaturutse, mugihe inzu yubucuruzi igurisha inlay ubusanzwe idashobora. Kandi ubaze uko bigenda mugihe umucuruzi wapfuye yangijwe kumugaragaro hagati - amasezerano: uwujuje ibisabwa kugirango asimburwe, kandi kuri gahunda ye. Utanga isoko yatekereje kubyo azasubiza mu nteruro. Umuntu utarigeze ahindura ingingo kubiciro. Ubwenge bumwe bugenga uburyo umutekano wizewe ugaragara mumishinga yo kwakira abashyitsi, ahoumutekano wibitekerezo inyuma yamakarita yingenzi ya hoteribakunda kugenzurwa cyane kuruta imirimo yo guturamo.

 

 

Niba kopi aribyemewe n'amategekonta kintu na kimwe gifitanye isano niba aricyotekiniki birashoboka. Ibyangombwa byo kwinjira bifatwa nkumutungo ugenzurwa kuruta ibintu byihariye, kandi iyo status igaragara mubukode bwamazu, amategeko agenga udukingirizo, na politiki ya HOA. Inzira yemerewe kugana ibyangombwa byinyongera mubisanzwe ni inyubako yonyine yo gutanga inyubako, aho kopi nshya yanditswemo kandi iyakera irashobora gukurwaho no kugenzurwa (Nimbio). Guhitamo gukoporora urufunguzo rwibanze kuri clone ya RFID hanze yimikorere ikemura ikibazo kandi bigatera icyuho cyibaruramari, kuko ubuyobozi bushobora kutamenya ibyangombwa byinyongera bihari.

 

Dutanga ubucuruzi bukorera muri urwo rwego rwemewe: abifunga, ibyangombwa {{0} services serivisi zo kwigana, abahuza sisitemu, hamwe nabashinzwe imitungo bongera gutanga ibyangombwa kubakodesha. Ntabwo dutanga ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose cyagenewe gutsinda sisitemu yumutekano, kandi tuvuga ko bigaragara ko ari ikintu aho kuba umwirondoro.

 

Bibaho kandi gusobanura abakiriya bacu beza. Abaguzi basanzwe bazi ibyangombwa bemerewe kubyara, kandi bashobora kubyandika, nibo babaza ibibazo biva mu gice gikurikira, kuko ibyago byabo ntabwo byemewe n'amategeko. Nicyiciro kidakora.

 

 

Ibibazo byinshi byo gushakisha muriki cyiciro birashobora gukumirwa mugihe cyo kugura - icyiciro. Ibintu bitandatu bikenera gushira ahabona urutonde rusange rusiga kureremba hejuru, kandi uwatanze ibikoresho byose bya OEM cloneable RFID yamashanyarazi agomba gusubiza bitandatu atarinze gukingira: nimero nyayo yibice hamwe ninkomoko yabyo; ibisekuruza byubumaji, byavuzwe neza nkimwe - igihe - andika yandike; diameter nayose hamweumubyimba harimo na ferrite yose; icyiciro gifatika hamwe na substrate byapimwe kuri; ibizamini bisohoka, bisobanura inshuro, soma intera nuburinganire bwamakuru, hamwe nigipimo cyo gukwirakwiza; na troncable.

 

Urutonde nigice cyoroshye. Igice kirinda mubyukuri RFID ikomatanya ibicuruzwa byinshi ni ukumenya igisubizo kidakomeye gisobanura nicyo wabikoraho.

 

Niba utanga isoko atanga chipumuryangoaho kuba umubare wigice, mubisanzwe bivuze ko bagura inlays zuzuye kandi ntibagenzure urupfu. Irakorwa kubunini buke - ingano yingaruka, ariko ureke kubabaza ibibazo bihuye badashobora gusubiza, hamwe na bije yo kugenzura wenyine. Niba badashobora kuvuga ibisekuru byubumaji, fata ko icyiciro kivanze hanyuma ukabyanga cyangwa igiciro muburyo bwo gutondeka. Niba ibizamini bisohoka bisobanurwa nk "icyitegererezo" nta gipimo, baza igipimo na AQL; utanga ibizamini 100% azahita abivuga, kuko bibatwara amafaranga kandi bashaka inguzanyo. Niba badashobora gutanga imibare myinshi, ntaburyo ufite bwo gutandukanya icyiciro kibi nyuma, nikintu kimwe gihenze kururu rutonde kugirango umenye nyuma yukuri. Niba kandi umubyimba wavuzwe ukuyemo ferrite layer, re - bapime icyitegererezo ubwawe, kuko uku kunyuranya nibyo bihindura terefone - umushinga wo gushiraho ukagaruka.

 

Kuruhande rwacu ibyo bibazo bifite ibisubizo bifatika kuko inzira igenzurwa kurangira kurangira: umuringa - insinga ya antenna ihinduranya ingana na mm 0.1 mm, muri - chip yo munzu ihuza ubushobozi bwa buri munsi mubihumbi magana, na 100% igenzurwa aho kuba icyitegererezo. Iyo ± 0.1 mm ni inshuro yerekana kwiyoberanya. Coil geometrie ishyiraho inductance, inductance ishyiraho aho tagi yumvikana, hamwe na reonant point igenda igana igice bisobanura ibice bimwe mubice bicaye hafi yuruhande rwidirishya ryihanganira abasomyi kurusha abandi. Ibyo nibice bisoma rimwe na rimwe kumuryango mugihe ibindi byoherejwe bitwaye, kandi nimpamvukwemeza icyitegererezo kirwanya abasomyi bagenewe mbere yo kwiyemezani ibyumweru bibiri bisaba. Niba umushinga wawe ukeneye ibintu bifatika, ubunini, cyangwa ferrite yubaka itari murutonde rusanzwe, ibyo ni aibikoresho no gutunganya ikibazo dukemura munzu -aho gukora imyitozo.

 

 

Imwe mumibanire yacu miremire ni hamwe nisosiyete yubufaransa hejuru yinyubako - kwinjira - isoko ryo kwigana. Mu myaka irenga itanu batwambuye hafi 500.000 fobs fobs kumwaka, kandi icyemezo cyatumye gikora ntabwo cyari igiciro.

 

Berekanye kimwe - gihe - andika chip ya FUID aho kwandika chip ya magic idasubirwaho. Impamvu yari iy'ubucuruzi. Icyemezo kimaze kuva kuri konte yabo, bifuzaga ko bidashoboka kubakiriya ba nyuma, cyangwa umuntu uwo ari we wese wo hasi, kubyandika mubindi kandi bikagaruka kubirango byabo. Twagabanije kandi ibikoresho bishya kugirango fobs zabo zitware ikirango cyazo, cyafunze ikindi gice cyikibazo kimwe: amaduka yandukura amazu yimbere nkibicuruzwa byabo. Imyaka itanu hamwe na miriyoni 2,5 nyuma, ikibazo cya - cyibisekuru nticyigeze kigaruka nkikibazo cyinkunga, kuko cyashubijwe rimwe, mu nyandiko, mbere yuko itegeko rya mbere rishyirwaho.

 

Ngiyo ingingo zose zo gufata clone ya RFID nkibisobanuro aho kuba ibicuruzwa. Niba ushaka gukora binyuze mubucuruzi bumwe - offs kubijwi byawe bwite, bikubiyemo kubyara chip, ubunini, kubaka ferrite no gukwirakwiza ibizamini, injeniyeri zacu bazabikora kurwanya icyitegererezo nyacyo kandiurupapuro rwerekana mbere yo kwiyemeza gukoresha ibikoresho.