NFC Chip Implants: Uburyo Bakora, Gukoresha, Ingaruka Nimbibi
Aug 04, 2026
Tanga ubutumwa
NFC chip yatewe ni igikoresho gito kidahuza gishyizwe munsi yuruhu kugirango gishobore gukorana numusomyi uhuza mugihe gito cyane. Ukurikije sisitemu yuzuye, irashobora kwerekana ikiranga, gufungura urubuga, gushyigikira umuryango - kugera kumurimo cyangwa gukorana na serivisi yo kwishyura idasanzwe.
Inyuguti "NFC" ntizerekana ko igikoresho gishobora gusimbuza ikarita ya banki, gukorana na terefone yose cyangwa cyujuje ibisabwa kugirango umuntu yinjizwe. Chip, antenne, uruzitiro, umusomyi, software, utanga serivisi hamwe nogukoresha byose bigomba gusuzumirwa hamwe.
Igisubizo cyihuse:NFC yatewe irashobora gushyigikira kanda yatoranijwe - ishingiye kubikoresho iyo igikoresho cyarangiye hamwe na sisitemu yuzuye birahuye. Ikimenyetso gisanzwe cyo kwibuka NFC ntabwo gihita cyemeza ko wishyuye, kandi urupapuro rwerekana amakuru ntirugaragaza ko ibicuruzwa byarangiye byemewe mubuvuzi cyangwa byemewe n'amategeko kubitera abantu.
Niki NFC Chip Yatewe?
NFC ni mugufi - urwego rwumuryango mugari wa tekinoroji ya RFID. Basomyi bakeneye umusingi barashobora gusubiramoicyo hafi yo gutumanaho kumurimakandi mugariitandukaniro hagati ya RFID na NFC.
Ubusanzwe passi yatewe ihuza uruziga rwuzuye, antenne ntoya hamwe nurwego rukingira. Ntabwo irimo bateri. Umusomyi uhuza akora umurima wa electromagnetic, uwatewe yakira ingufu ziva mururwo rwego kandi tagi igasubiza amakuru. FDA isobanura ibirango bya RFID byoroshye nkibikoresho bikoreshwa nabasomyi na RFID nka sisitemu igizwe nibirango nabasomyi.
Iyi mikoranire iroroshye kubyumva urebyeuko ibirango bya RFID bivugana nabasomyi. Chip yonyine ntabwo igena imikorere. Antenna geometrie, ubunini bwuruzitiro, icyerekezo, umurima wabasomyi, umwanya wa antenne ya terefone hamwe nibidukikije byose birashobora kugira ingaruka niba gusoma byatsinze.
Ikizamini cyatsinze hamwe na chip irekuye cyangwa antenne nini yiterambere ntigaragaza ko ikintu gito cyarangije gukorwa kizakora neza mubigenewe.
Ni ayahe makuru ashobora gufata?
Terefone nyinshi - ibisomwa bya NFC bitwara amakuru muburyo bwa NFC bwo guhana amakuru, cyangwa NDEF. Inyandiko ya NDEF irashobora kuba irimo URL, ibisobanuro birambuye, nimero ya terefone cyangwa ikindi kintu gito. Ibisobanuro bya Syntekikirango cya NFCitanga inyongera yinyongera kuri ubu bwoko bwo gukoresha.
Guterwa ntibikenewe kubika umukoresha wuzuye, umwirondoro cyangwa konti yimari. Muri sisitemu nyinshi, irerekana ikiranga cyangwa igenzurwa mugihe amakuru yoroheje aguma muri progaramu yinyuma.
Ihuriro risanzwe rya NFC Ubwoko bwa 2 IC nkumuryango wa NTAG21x urashobora gutanga ububiko bwabakoresha, uruganda - rwateguwe na UID, ibikorwa byo gufunga ijambo ryibanga - bigenzurwa no kwibuka. Iyi mikorere ni ingirakamaro kubisanzweIbiranga NFC, ariko ntibagomba guhagararirwa nko kwishyura - kwemeza ikarita cyangwa ubuvuzi - ibimenyetso byibikoresho.
NFC - A, NFC - V hamwe n’inyamanswa
Ntabwo buri kintu cyatewe cyasobanuwe nka "RFID," "NFC" cyangwa "microchip" ikoresha protocole cyangwa umusomyi umwe. Itandukaniro rifatika ni ngombwa kuko terefone ishobora gusoma igikoresho kimwe mugihe scaneri yabugenewe isabwa kubindi.
| Icyerekezo cy'ikoranabuhanga | Umusomyi usanzwe | Porogaramu Rusange | Ikibazo cyingenzi cyo guhuza |
|---|---|---|---|
| NFC - A / NFC Ihuriro Ubwoko bwa 2-buryo | Terefone ya NFC cyangwa umusomyi wa HF | Ihuza rya NDEF, gusangira amakuru no guhitamo ibikorwa byakazi | Ese terefone cyangwa umusomyi ashyigikira IC neza na antenne yarangije? |
| NFC - V / ISO 15693 icyerekezo | Bihuje NFC - V telefone cyangwa umusomyi wa HF | Kumenyekanisha hamwe na porogaramu zikoresha iyi protocole umuryango | Ese terefone igenewe, sisitemu y'imikorere na porogaramu ishyigikira NFC - V? |
| Kumenyekanisha inyamaswa | Scaneri yinyamanswa yihariye | Indangamuntu yinyamanswa ihujwe niyandikisha | Ese transponder na scaneri bihuye ninyamaswa zisabwa -? |
| Icyemezo cyo kwishyura | Inkunga itishyurwa itishyurwa | Ibicuruzwa binyuze mubitanga byemewe na serivisi | Ninde uteganya, kuvugurura, gukuraho no kwakira ibyangombwa? |
ICAR ikora gahunda yo kwemeza no kwiyandikisha kubikoresho biranga inyamaswa bihuye na ISO 11784/11785. Iyo sisitemu imiterere itandukanye na tagi ya NDEF ikoreshwa na terefone. Abaguzi bagereranya ibi byiciro bagomba gufataRFID microchipsn'abaguzi NFC bashiraho nk'ibicuruzwa bitandukanye.
Itandukaniro rimwe rireba abasomyi. Terefone - igikoresho gishobora gusomwa NFC ntigomba gufatwa nkigikoranaabasomyi ba microchip, hamwe ninyamanswa yinyamanswa ntigomba gufatwa nkigikorwa cyumuguzi NFC.
Ese NFC Chip Implant ishobora kwishyura?
Gusa iyo gahunda yuzuye yo kwishyura irabishyigikiye.
Gukorera kuri 13.56 MHz ntibikora chip ikarita ya banki. Muburyo bwabasomyi / abanditsi, terefone isoma cyangwa ikandika tagi ihuje. Muburyo bwo Kwigana Ikarita, igikoresho cyangwa ibyangombwa bitwara nkikarita idafite aho ihuriye na porogaramu ishyigikiwe. Ihuriro NFC ryerekana ibi nkuburyo butandukanye bwo gukora.
Ikimenyetso cyibanze cya NDEF kirashobora gufungura urubuga rwo kwishura cyangwa gutangiza porogaramu, ariko ibyo ntabwo ari kimwe no kwerekana ibyangombwa byishyuwe byemewe kuri terefone. Kwishura - byashobotse gushyirwaho bisaba uwatanze cyangwa utanga serivisi, gutanga ibyangombwa, kugenzura ibikorwa, gucunga konti no kwemerwa nibikorwa remezo bijyanye no kwishyura.
Reba Ubuzima Bwuzuye bwo Kwishura
| Icyiciro cyubuzima | Ikibazo cyo Gukemura |
|---|---|
| Abemerewe | Nibihe bihugu, amafaranga, ubwoko bwa konti nabakoresha bishyigikiwe? |
| Gutanga | Ninde utanga ibyangombwa kandi bihuzwa bite na konti? |
| Gukora | Ni ubuhe bwoko bwa konti na konti bisabwa mbere yo gukoresha? |
| Gukoresha gahunda | Nibihe bisobanuro, imipaka hamwe nuburyo bwo gucuruza bikurikizwa? |
| Guhagarikwa | Nigute ibyemezo byangiritse cyangwa bivuguruzanya bishobora guhagarikwa? |
| Kuvugurura | Bigenda bite iyo icyemezo cyo kwishyura kirangiye? |
| Kwimuka | Serivisi irashobora kwimura konti kubindi byangombwa? |
| Guhagarika serivisi | Niki gisigaye gikoreshwa mugihe utanga serivisi aretse gushyigikira gahunda? |
Kwimika kumubiri guhoraho birashobora kurenza software cyangwa serivisi ihujwe nayo. Guterwa birashobora kuguma bisomwa na nyuma yo kwishyura konti, redirect platform cyangwa serivisi yibicu byahindutse. Ibyo bidahuye byubuzima bigomba gusuzumwa mbere yuko igikoresho cyatoranijwe.
Niki NFC Yimurwa ishobora gukoreshwa?
Ihuza hamwe numwirondoro wa Digital
Ikirango cyoroshye gishobora kubika inyandiko ya NDEF ifungura urubuga, portfolio, urupapuro rwitumanaho cyangwa ubundi buryo bugenzurwa. URL itajegajega URL ituma aho ujya uhinduka utongeye kwandika uwatewe, ariko uyikoresha aracyashingira kumurongo, kohereza konti hamwe nibyangombwa bya serivisi.
Igenzura
Guterwa birashobora kwerekana ibiranga umuryango uhuza, gufunga cyangwa umusomyi wakazi. Guhuza inshuro byonyine ntibihagije. Porotokole, imiterere iranga, porogaramu yumusomyi, amategeko agenzura nuburyo bwo kwiyandikisha bigomba kubyemera.
UID ihagaze neza ntigomba gufatwa nkurwego rwo hejuru - kwemeza. Hejuru - ahantu hashobora kwibasirwa hashobora gusaba ibyangombwa byerekana ibimenyetso, ikintu cya kabiri cyangwa ikindi kintu cyubatswe cyumutekano.
Ibikoresho hamwe na porogaramu
Terefone irashobora gukoresha ikirango kugirango ufungure porogaramu yemewe, utangire URL cyangwa utange amakuru make. Ibisubizo biterwa na moderi ya terefone, sisitemu y'imikorere, igenamiterere rya NFC, umwanya wa antenne, uruhushya rwa porogaramu n'imiterere yamakuru yabitswe. Terefone rusange - gukoresha ubuyobozi iraboneka mu kiganiro cya Syntek kuriukoresheje NFC kuri terefone.
Ese Implant iruta Ikarita, Urufunguzo Rukuru cyangwa Wristband?
Guterwa bivanaho gukenera gutwara ibyangombwa bitandukanye, ariko guhoraho ntabwo bihita ari inyungu yibikorwa. Impapuro nziza zifatika ziterwa numutekano, gusimburwa, igihe bimara, kwemererwa nibisabwa inkunga.
| Ubwoko bw'impamyabumenyi | Ingirakamaro Iyo | Imipaka nyamukuru |
|---|---|---|
| NFC | Gukoresha ni kubushake, birebire - kandi bigashyigikirwa na tekiniki, ubuvuzi nubuvuzi bukwiye | Gusimbuza bigoye, ingaruka zubuvuzi no guterwa na serivisi ndende - |
| Ikarita ya NFC | Ibyangombwa bigomba gucapwa, gusimburwa kandi byoroshye gutanga | Irashobora gutakara, gusangira cyangwa kwibagirwa |
| NFC urufunguzo | Abakoresha bakeneye ibyangombwa byoroshye, bivanwaho | Biracyasaba gufata umubiri no kugenzura gusimburwa |
| NFC amaboko | Kwambara, kugaragara no gusimburwa ibyangombwa birahitamo | Politiki iboneye, ibikoresho no kwimura igomba gucungwa |
| Ibyangombwa bya mobile | Umukoresha asanzwe yitwaje terefone ishyigikiwe kandi sisitemu ishyigikira itangwa rya digitale | Biterwa na bateri ya terefone, sisitemu y'imikorere no kwinjira kuri konti |
Ibikorwa byigihe gito, bigufi - abakozi ba manda, guhinduranya kenshi amatsinda yo kwinjira hamwe nimishinga idafite gahunda yo kuvura cyangwa gukuraho mubisanzwe bitangwa neza nimpamyabushobozi isimburwa.
Ikizamini cya Terefone hamwe nabasomyi
Guhuza bigomba kugaragazwa numusaruro - bihwanye nicyitegererezo cyarangiye. Gupima IC gusa, inlay iringaniye cyangwa antenne nini ya laboratoire ntabwo byerekana ko gutera byarangiye bizakora kimwe.
Imishinga irashobora gukoresha guhuzaAbasomyi n'abanditsi ba NFCmugihe cyiterambere, ariko icyemezo cyanyuma kigomba kubamo moderi ya terefone nyirizina, kugera kubasomyi, kugenzura no gusaba gukoreshwa mumushinga. Ubuyobozi bwa Syntekkuki kwipimisha sisitemu ya RFID ari ngombwaasobanura impamvu ibyangombwa byuzuye - umusomyi - gusaba akazi.
| Ikizamini | Ibyo Kwandika |
|---|---|
| Icyitegererezo cyarangiye | Icyitegererezo cya chip, uruzitiro, gusubiramo antenne hamwe nicyitegererezo |
| Umusomyi cyangwa terefone | Icyitegererezo, sisitemu y'imikorere, software hamwe na porogaramu |
| Porotokole hamwe namakuru | Ikoranabuhanga ryamenyekanye, ibisubizo bya NDEF, kwerekana UID cyangwa igisubizo cya porogaramu |
| Ikiganiro | Umwanya wabasomyi, icyerekezo cyibikoresho nuburyo bwisubiramo |
| Ibisubizo byarebwaga | Intsinzi, mugihe kimwe, idasomeka, amakuru atariyo cyangwa adashyigikiwe |
| Igisubizo cyinyuma | Kosora konti, uruhushya cyangwa ibikorwa byo gusaba |
| Gusubiramo imbarutso | Chip, antene, uruzitiro, umusomyi, software, porogaramu cyangwa impinduka zinyuma |
Amakimbirane Yerekana Guhuza
Ibikurikira bikurikira ni hypothettike kandi ikubiyemo gusobanura inzira yicyemezo aho gutanga ibisubizo byabakiriya.
Itsinda ryemeje NFC IC nyuma yuko terefone isoma ikirango cyiterambere. Igikoresho cyarangiye gikoresha antenne ntoya ya silindrike, kandi intego yo gusoma uyisoma irabimenya rimwe na rimwe. Chip ikomeza gushyigikirwa mubuhanga, ariko ibicuruzwa byuzuye ntabwo byujuje akazi gasabwa.
Gukosora ntabwo ari ugukeka ko ikindi kizamini cya terefone kizakemura ikibazo. Itsinda rigomba gusubiramo antenne yarangiye hamwe nuruzitiro hamwe numusomyi nyirizina, kwandika ibyerekezo byerekana ibyiyumvo no guhitamo niba umusomyi, igishushanyo mbonera cyangwa porogaramu bigomba guhinduka.
Imipaka yumutekano n’ibanga
Guterwa birashobora kugorana gusimbuza ikarita, ariko aho igaragara ntabwo ihita itanga umutekano wa cyber. Basomyi bagomba gutandukanya umutekano wa chip, umusomyi, inzira yitumanaho, gusaba hamwe ninyuma. Incamake ya SyntekUmutekano w'amakuru ya RFIDitanga uburyo bwagutse bwa sisitemu.
Gusoma ntabwo bivuze ko byemewe
Ikirangantego cyagenewe gusomwa kigomba gusubiza mubihe byashyigikiwe. Umushinga ukeneye kumenya icyo uhishura, niba ibiranga cyangwa kwibuka bishobora kwiganwa hamwe ninyuma yemera nkikimenyetso.
Ijambobanga - ububiko bwagenzuwe bushobora kugabanya gusoma cyangwa kwandika byatoranijwe, ariko ntabwo bihita bihwanye no kwemeza kode, uburenganzira bwo gucuruza cyangwa kurinda uburiganya. Ikiranga gihamye gishobora kuba gikwiye gushakisha - gushakisha ibyago mugihe bidakwiriye nkimpamvu yonyine yumuryango wunvikana cyangwa ibikorwa byubukungu.
Gumana Amakuru Yunvikana muri Sisitemu Igenzurwa
Igishushanyo cyizewe gishobora kubika gusa ibiranga bidasobanutse cyangwa URL igenzurwa mugihe cyatewe mugihe umuntu ku giti cye, kwinjira cyangwa kwishura bisigaye inyuma. Inyuma iracyakeneye uruhushya, kwinjira, kugarura konti, amategeko yo gusiba no kugenzura abayobozi.
Gahunda yo gukuraho no gusohoka
Sisitemu igomba gusobanura uburyo bwo guhagarika ibyangobwa byangiritse, gusimbuza konti, gukuraho kwinjira, kwimukira muyindi serivisi no gusubiza mugihe utanga isoko. Kwimika kumubiri hamwe na konte ya digitale ntibigomba gufatwa nkikintu kimwe gihoraho.
Ibimenyetso byubuvuzi nubugenzuzi
Gushyira igikoresho munsi yuruhu ntabwo byagereranywa no gufatisha NFC ibicuruzwa. Uruzitiro, sterisizione, igikoresho cyo kwinjiza, uburyo, gushyira, gahunda yo kwita no gukuraho byose bigira ingaruka kumwirondoro.
Iyi ngingo ntabwo itanga inama zubuvuzi cyangwa amabwiriza yo gutera. Kwimura abantu bigomba gusuzumwa ninzobere mu buvuzi n’amategeko byemewe n’amategeko akurikizwa aho yagenewe no gukoreshwa.
Ubuyobozi bwa FDA kuri sisitemu yimikorere ya radiofrequency transponder yerekana ahantu hashobora kuba harimo ingaruka ziterwa na tissue, biocompatibilité, sterility, kwimuka, umutekano wamakuru, kunanirwa kw'ibikoresho, imikorere ya scaneri, imikorere ya scaneri, guhuza amashanyarazi, umutekano w'amashanyarazi, guhuza MRI no gushyiramo ikimenyetso. Ubuyobozi bukoreshwa kumurwayi wasobanuwe - icyiciro cyibikoresho biranga kandi bigomba gukoreshwa nkurwego rwibyago, ntabwo arikimenyetso cyerekana ko buri muguzi yatewe byemewe.
Ikirego nka "biocompatible" kigomba kwerekana ibikoresho byarangiye, igipimo cyibizamini, bisanzwe, laboratoire, iboneza ryibicuruzwa nibigenewe gukoreshwa. Ibimenyetso bya IC, ubwoko bwikirahure cyangwa ibikoresho bitandukanye ntibishobora guhita byimurwa kubicuruzwa byarangiye bisuzumwa.
Ni ibihe bimenyetso utanga isoko agomba gutanga?
| Urwego rwibimenyetso | Icyo Irashobora Gushyigikira | Ibyo Bitagaragaza Byonyine |
|---|---|---|
| Urupapuro rwemewe rwa IC | Chip protocole, kwibuka nibikorwa byamashanyarazi | Imikorere ya antenne yarangiye, ubwuzuzanye cyangwa ubwiza bwabantu |
| Kumenyekanisha ibikoresho | Byatangajwe bigize ibintu cyangwa uruzitiro | Igisubizo cyibinyabuzima cyigikoresho cyuzuye |
| Byarangiye - raporo yikizamini cyibikoresho | Ibisubizo kubisobanuro byibicuruzwa byasobanuwe nuburyo bwo kugerageza | Imikorere nyuma yubushakashatsi butamenyekanye cyangwa impinduka zikorwa |
| Gutandukanya no gupakira inyandiko | Igikorwa gisobanuwe, ubufindo na sterile - kugenzura inzitizi | Bikwiranye hanze yimikorere yemewe na tekinike - ubuzima |
| Inyandiko cyangwa ibyemezo | Imiterere iri mububasha bwayo kandi igarukira | Kwemeza ibihugu bidafitanye isano, gukoresha cyangwa ibicuruzwa bitandukanye |
| Gukurikirana umusaruro | Guhuza ibikoresho, guteranya, kugenzura no kohereza | Kubahiriza keretse niba igenzura ryasobanuwe kandi rigakorwa |
Utanga isoko agomba kandi kumenya neza IC, igishushanyo cya antenne, uruzitiro, abasomyi bapimwe, UID cyangwa amategeko ya serialisation, guhindura inzira - uburyo bwo kumenyesha no kudahuza - kugenzura ibicuruzwa. Urupapuro rusanzwe rwa chip ntabwo rusimburwa nibimenyetso byerekeranye nigikoresho cyarangiye.
Iyo NFC Yatewe Nuguhitamo nabi
- Ibyangombwa ni iby'igihe gito cyangwa kenshi byoherejwe.
- Umushinga nta gahunda yujuje ubuvuzi, yemewe cyangwa ikuraho.
- Serivisi yo kwishyura ntabwo ishyigikira igihugu cyagenewe, konti cyangwa umuyoboro wanyuma.
- Porogaramu isaba kwemeza kode yerekana igikoresho giteganijwe kidashobora gutanga.
- Utanga isoko ntashobora gutanga ibimenyetso kubicuruzwa byarangiye.
- Umusomyi cyangwa terefone ikora ntabwo yageragejwe hamwe numusaruro - icyitegererezo gihwanye.
- Ikarita, urufunguzo rufunguzo, igitoki cyangwa ibyangombwa bigendanwa birashobora guhuza icyifuzo kimwe hamwe no gusimbuza byoroshye hamwe nubuzima bwo hasi.
Ibibazo
Ikibazo: Ese NFC Chip Implant irimo Bateri?
Igisubizo: Byinshi muri NFC na RFID byatewe ni pasiporo kandi byakira imbaraga ziva mubasomyi. Ibicuruzwa nyabyo byubatswe bigomba kwemezwa uhereye ku nyandiko zabyo.
Ikibazo: Buri Smartphone ishobora gusoma NFC Yatewe?
Igisubizo: Oya. Guhuza biterwa na protocole, antenne, ibyuma bya terefone, sisitemu y'imikorere, porogaramu, icyerekezo cy'ibikoresho hamwe n'ibishushanyo mbonera byarangiye.
Ikibazo: Ikirangantego gisanzwe cya NFC gishobora gusimbuza ikarita ya banki idafite aho ihuriye?
Igisubizo: Oya. Igikorwa cyo kwishyura gisaba ibyangombwa bishyigikiwe, uwabitanze cyangwa serivisi, ubuzima bwa konti ubuzima hamwe nibikorwa remezo byo kwishyura byemewe. Ikirangantego cya NDEF gishobora gufungura porogaramu cyangwa urubuga ariko ntabwo bihita ikarita ya banki.
Ikibazo: Ese Microchip Yinyamanswa Nimwe Nka NFC Yatewe?
Igisubizo: Oya. Transponders yinyamanswa, ibirango byabaguzi NFC nibyangombwa byo kwishyura birashobora gukoresha protocole zitandukanye, abasomyi, imiterere yamakuru hamwe na sisitemu yo gutanga ibyemezo.
Ikibazo: Bigenda bite iyo serivisi ihujwe ifunze?
Igisubizo: Kwimika kumubiri birashobora kuguma bisomeka mugihe ubwishyu bwayo, kwinjira, kuyobora cyangwa igicu - imikorere ihagaze. Amasezerano ya serivisi agomba gusobanura amakuru yohereza hanze, gufunga konti, kwimuka kwimuka no gusimburwa.
Suzuma Sisitemu Yuzuye Mbere yo Guhitamo Implant
NFC chip yatewe ni interineti idahuza, ntabwo yishyuwe byuzuye, indangamuntu, ubuvuzi cyangwa umutekano. Tangira hamwe nakazi gasabwa, urwego rwibyago hamwe nubuzima bwa serivisi. Noneho wemeze umusomyi, terefone, porogaramu, inyuma, ubwoko bwimpamyabumenyi kandi urangije - ibimenyetso byibikoresho mbere yo guhitamo chip.
Syntek itanga ibicuruzwa bitari - byatewe, ibicuruzwa bya NFC, abasomyi ninyamaswa - indangamuntu zimenyekanisha kubisobanuro byasobanuwe. Chip yihariye, antene, kuzitira, gutondekanya no gupakira ibisabwa birashobora gusubirwamoUmusaruro wa OEM na ODM. Abaguzi barashoborasaba icyitegererezo cyangwa isubiramo tekinikekubizamini byo guhuza.
Ibicuruzwa bigenewe kumenyekanisha inyamaswa bigomba gusuzumwa hifashishijwe inyamaswa zikoreshwa - hamwe n’ibidukikije by’abasomyi. Ibicuruzwa byatanzwe kugirango umuntu ashyirwemo bisaba ubuvuzi butandukanye, kugenzura no gusuzuma umwuga; inyamaswa - ibyangombwa byibicuruzwa ntibigomba gutangwa nkikimenyetso cyerekana ko abantu babishoboye.
Ibyemezo byemewe:Incamake ya FDA ya sisitemu ya RFID, Ubuyobozi bwa FDA kuri sisitemu ya radiofrequency transponder, Incamake y'ikoranabuhanga rya NFC, NXP NTAG213 / 215/216 amakuru y'ibicuruzwa, naIcyemezo cyo kumenyekanisha inyamaswa ICAR.
Kohereza iperereza