Nigute Gutegura Gahunda ya NFC hamwe nubwoko butandukanye bwa Chip (NTAG, MIFARE, nibindi byinshi)

 

Kwandika Tagi Nibikorwa Bitatu Bitandukanye, Ntabwo Bimwe

 

Iyo abantu bavuga ko bashaka gukora ibirango bya NFC, mubisanzwe basobanura ibintu bitatu bitandukanye bibaho bikururwa na buto imwe muri porogaramu ya terefone.

 

Iya mbere niimiterere. Ububiko bwa NFC chip bugomba kubwirwa ko agace kayikoresha karimo ubutumwa bwa NDEF aho kuba byite uko bishakiye. Ibi bikorwa mukwandika amakuru mato mato azwi nkubushobozi bwa kontineri. Ku bice bya NTAG21x, ibi bimaze gukorwa kurwego rwa wafer, bityo chip igera NDEF - yakozwe kandi irashobora gufata NDEF gusa. Kuri MIFARE Classic hamwe nizindi chip zimwe, formatting nikintu ukora, kandi imiterere igwa mumwanya umwe - gihe - akarere gashobora gutegurwa. Guhindura rero birahoraho. Nta tegeko ridahinduka, kandi nta gikoresho cyabacuruzi kizaguha rimwe.

 

Iya kabiri nikwandika umutwaro: ubutumwa bwa NDEF bukubiyemo inyandiko imwe cyangwa nyinshi, akenshi inyandiko ya URI yerekana URL. Iki nigice buri wese ashushanya. Kwishura Payload mubisanzwe birasubirwamo, niyo mpamvu itsinda ryamamaza rishobora kwerekeza tagi yo kwiyamamaza nyuma y'amezi atandatu itabanje kwandikisha ibyuma.

 

Icya gatatu niIboneza: ijambo ryibanga bytes, gufunga bits, indorerwamo igenamiterere, uburyo bwo kugera, urufunguzo rwo kwemeza. Uru rupapuro niho ibyemezo bidasubirwaho bibera, kandi ni urwego nta nyigisho zabaguzi zikoraho na gato. Niba uteganya gukora ibirango bya NFC kubintu byose bifite imipaka yumutekano bikikije, iboneza ni umushinga.

 

Kugumana ibi bitatu bitandukanye mumutwe wawe nibyo bibuza icyiciro gusibwa. Benshi bandika kunanirwa dusuzuma ntabwo ari kunanirwa kwishyurwa. Nibintu bihindura cyangwa iboneza umuntu atazi ko bihari.

 

Ubwoko bwa NFC Tag Chip Ubwoko Ugereranije Mbere Yabateguye

 

Icyemezo cyose gikomeye kijyanye nuburyo bwo gutangiza ibirango bya NFC ku gipimo gitangirana niyi mbonerahamwe, kubera ko igisenge cyo kwibuka hamwe ninkunga ya platform byashyizweho mugihe cyo gutoranya chip kandi ntibishobora guterwa nyuma muri software.

 

Chip	Ububiko bwabakoresha	Ubwoko bwa Forum ya NFC	Uruganda NDEF leta	Ijambobanga / kurinda urufunguzo	iPhone NDEF soma + andika
NTAG 213	144 bytes	Ubwoko bwa 2	Mbere - Imiterere	32-bit PWD / 16-bit PACK	Yego
NTAG 215	504 bytes	Ubwoko bwa 2	Mbere - Imiterere	32-bit PWD / 16-bit PACK	Yego
NTAG 216	888 bytes	Ubwoko bwa 2	Mbere - Imiterere	32-bit PWD / 16-bit PACK	Yego
MIFARE Ultralight EV1	48 cyangwa 128 bytes	Ubwoko bwa 2	Imiterere	32-bit PWD / 16-bit PACK	Yego
MIFARE Classic 1K	1,024 bytes yose hamwe, hafi 716 iboneka kuri NDEF iyo uwahagaritse uruganda hamwe na romoruki 16 yimirenge.	Ntabwo ari ubwoko bwa Forum ya NFC	Imiterere, umurenge - ishingiye	CRYPTO-1 urufunguzo rwumurenge A / B.	Oya
MIFARE DESFire EV3	2 KB kugeza 8 KB, dosiye - ishingiye	Andika 4	Gusaba bigomba gushirwaho	AES - 128 / 3DES, uburenganzira bwa dosiye	Yego
NTAG 424 ADN	416 bytes yose hamwe, igabanijwemo ubushobozi bwa 32-byte yubushobozi, dosiye ya NDEF ya 256-byte na dosiye yamakuru arinzwe na 128-byte.	Andika 4	Mbere - dosiye zitangwa	Imfunguzo eshanu za AES-128, 3-gutambutsa kwemeza	Yego

 

Imibare ya NTAG21x, funga - imyitwarire ya bito na Ubwoko 2 / ISO / IEC 14443 Ubwoko A kubahiriza kuriNXP NTAG213 / 215/216 urupapuro rwibicuruzwa. MIFARE Classic 1K imiterere ya NXP urupapuro rwamakuru MF1S50yyX (imirenge 16 blocks 4 bice × 16 bytes). DESFire EV3 kuri MF3D (H) x3. NTAG 424 Imiterere ya ADN yibuka kuriNXP.

 

Inkingi ebyiri zihitamo imishinga myinshi mbere yuko porogaramu iyo ari yo yose ihitamo: igisenge cyo kwibuka hamwe ninkingi ya iPhone. Ibyo imbonerahamwe idashobora kukubwira ni umusaruro. Chip isobanuwe neza iracyatanga kwanga niba intambwe ya kodegisi idafite verisiyo yo kugenzura inyuma yayo, niyo ngingo yigice cya kabiri cyiyi ngingo.

 

NTAG 213, 215 na 216: Guhitamo Bisanzwe hamwe na Ceiling Yayo

 

Kubikorwa hafi bine kuri bitanu byinjira, uyu muryango nigisubizo cyukuri, kandi kwiga gahunda ya tagi ya NTAG 215 NFC bifata amasegonda mirongo cyenda na porogaramu ya terefone. Chip yohereza NDEF - yakozwe, ubwoko bwanditse bwitwara neza kuri terefone yose ni inyandiko ya URI isanzwe, kandi Android na iOS byombi barabyandika nta kazi ka SDK.

 

 

Numuryango kandi inyuma ya progaramu ya karita yubucuruzi ya digitale hafi ya yose, aho vCard imwe cyangwa URL imwe yerekana ibintu byose byishyurwa, kandi aho imiterere yumubiri isanzwe ifite agaciro kuruta chip. Amenshi muri ayo mabwiriza arangiraamakarita yera ya PVC NFCkuruta ibyapa, kuko ikarita igomba kurokoka ikotomoni no gufata icapiro.

 

Igisenge kigera vuba kurenza uko abantu babitekereza. NTAG213 iguha 144 bytes yububiko bwibukoresha, kandi ubutumwa bwa NDEF ntabwo ari URL yawe gusa. Hano hari TLV ipfunyika, umutwe wanditse, ubwoko bwumurima, hamwe nuburebure bwumwanya mbere yuko inyuguti imwe ya aderesi yawe ibikwa. URI inyandiko igabanya imbanzirizamushinga nkahttps: // www.muri byte imwe, igarura byite icumi kugeza kuri makumyabiri, no kuri 144 - byte igice itandukaniro numurongo uri hagati yo guhuza no gutsindwa. Aho amakipe yafatiwe ntabwo ari URL ubwayo ahubwo ni inyongera: ongeraho inyandiko yanditse kuri label isomwa numuntu, ongeraho inyandiko ya Android Application Record kugirango tagi ifungura porogaramu aho kuba mushakisha, kandi umutwaro woroshye uhinduka ikosa ryuzuye.

 

Itegeko ryacu bwite, kandi nikintu nkicyo wiga gusa ukoresheje miriyoni nkeya muribi: niba URL igenewe harimo ibipimo byibibazo birenga inyuguti 90, hagarika kwerekana NTAG213 hanyuma uzamuke. Ibiciro bitandukanya ibiciro hagati ya 213 na 215 ni bito bihagije kuburyo bidashoboka rwose ko bidakwiye guhura nimpanuka yo hagati - gahunda. Ubukangurambaga nyuma bushaka kongeramo ibipimo bya UTM cyangwa numero yuruhererekane kuri buri tagi URL izakubita urukuta kuri 213 kandi ntirukubita kuri 215.

 

Kurinda ijambo ryibanga kuri uyu muryango birakwiye kubyumva neza, kuko bifite intege nke kuruta ijambo "ijambo ryibanga" ryerekana. Agaciro ka 32-bit ya PWD yoherejwe muburyo busobanutse kandi bugenzurwa na chip, amarembo yandika kwinjira, kandi ugahitamo gusoma, uhereye kurupapuro rwatoranijwe rukomeza. Ihagarika umunyamuryango wamatsiko wandika tagi yawe na terefone. Ntabwo ari uburyo bwo kugenzura ibintu kandi ntibigomba gusobanurwa kubakiriya nkumwe. Menya kandi ko atari ibisekuruza byose bishyigikira na gato: NTAG203 ishaje idafite uburyo bwibanga ryibanga na busa, kandi inyandiko zibitabo zirasobanura neza ko guhamagarira kubirinda byananirana (nfcpy inyandiko).

 

MIFARE Classic: Yandikwa kuri Android, Kuboneka neza kuri iPhone

 

Dore umutego wo guhuza warangije imishinga ya NFC kuruta ikindi kintu kimwe. Umuntu wese ubajije uko yandika NDEF kuri MIFARE Classic asanzwe akora kurwanya ingano yimiterere: MIFARE Classic ntabwo ari ubwoko bwa tagi ya NFC, ni ikarita ya ISO / IEC 14443-3A ifite umurenge wa nyirarureshwa hamwe ninzego zingenzi zerekana ibinyabuzima bya NDEF, kandi inkunga ya NDEF kuri yo ibaho gusa binyuze mumasezerano yashushanyije hejuru.

 

 

Android ikora ayo masezerano. iOS ntabwo. Isosiyete ya NFC ya Apple ntabwo yigeze ishyigikira MIFARE Classic, hamwe nimiryango ya MIFARE ishyigikiwe nurubuga rwa Ultralight, Plus na DESFire, abategura imyanya bemeje inshuro nyinshi kurubuga rwa Apple (Ihuriro ryabashoramari ba Apple). Kuberako iOS idashobora gukemura ububiko bwikarita, iPhone ntishobora kuyandikamo NDEF kandi ntishobora kwerekana NDEF yabitswe.

 

Igituma ibi bitera akaga mugihe cyo gusuzuma ni uko MIFARE Classic tags itagaragara ko yapfuye kuri iPhone. Ikarita yerekana ISO 14443 - UID, bityo porogaramu ya Shortcuts izanezezwa no kuyakira nka trigger yo gutangiza, kandi gusikana inyuma birashobora gutangiza inyandiko ya NDEF yabitswe mbere yubwoko bushyigikiwe. Amasoko ayoboye igerageza icyitegererezo kuri iPhone yabo abona igisubizo kandi kirangiye. Imyitwarire babonye ntaho ihuriye nibiri muri tagi yibuka, kandi inzira yose irasenyuka mugihe umushinga ukeneye URL kuri buri gice iPhone ishobora gusoma mubyukuri.

 

Amategeko ngengamikorere avuye muri ibi: umuntu wese ugereranya uburyo bwo gutangiza ibirango bya NFC kuri iPhone vs Android agomba gukora ikizamini cyo kwemererwa ku mbuga zombi hamwe na chip yakozwe, nta na rimwe kuri Android yonyine, kandi nta na rimwe kuri sample ya chip itandukanye n'iy'ubuguzi.

 

Reka mvuge nabi kubyifuzo, kuko "biterwa nurubanza rwawe" ntabwo ari igisubizo cyingirakamaro hano. Niba ibirango bya NFC bizakoreshwa nabenegihugu, vuga ikindi kintu usibye MIFARE Classic.

 

Ku makipe asanzwe imbere muri sisitemu ya - ishingiye kuri sisitemu yo kwinjira, icyemezo kigabanuka kuri variable imwe, kandi ntabwo ari tagi. Nubuzima bwa serivisi busigaye bwumutungo wabasomyi. Niba abo basomyi basigaje imyaka ibiri cyangwa itatu muri bo kandi nta terefone igendanwa izigera ikora ku byangombwa, gukomeza hamwe na Classic mu muzinga ufunze ni umuhamagaro wokwirwanaho, kandi ibibazo bifatika bihinduka IC soko na format ya UID aho kuba uburyo bwa kodegisi, aribyo tubikurikirana mubyo twanditse kurigutumiza ibirango bya MIFARE 1K muri sisitemu yashyizweho. Niba abasomyi ubwabo bagomba gusimburwa imbere muriryo dirishya, ntukoreshe amafaranga kumpapuro zinzibacyuho. Himura umutungo wose kuri AES - igice gishingiye kumuntambwe imwe hanyuma ukoreshe igiciro rimwe.

 

Hariho umutego wa kabiri mumuryango umwe, utagaragara bihagije kuburyo urokoka QA yuzuye. Ongeraho Smart Poster upfunyika inyandiko, ibikoresho bisanzwe bya kodegisi bitanga nkuburyo bwa gicuti bwo guhuza umutwe kuri URL, ihindura ubwoko bwanditse. Inyandiko zizingiye muri ubwo buryo ntizatoragurwa na iOS ya skaneri ya skaneri na gato, utitaye kubiri imbere. Ikizamini cya Android kinyura kuri buri gikoresho, iphone ntacyo ikora, kandi nta butumwa bwibeshya ahariho hose bwo gusuzuma.

 

Ultralight, DESFire na NTAG 424 ADN: Aho Porogaramu ihinduka Ubuyobozi Bukuru

 

MIFARE Ultralight EV1 yicaye hafi ya NTAG21x mumyitwarire kandi urateganya ibirango bya NFC kuri kimwe, hamwe na bije ntoya yo kwibuka ya 48 cyangwa 128 bytes hamwe nicyiciro kimwe cy'irembo ryibanga. Ntakintu gishya kibaho.

 

DESFire na NTAG 424 ADN ni disipuline itandukanye. Kuri ibi bice byubwoko 4 ntabwo wandika byite mukarita yibibutsa, urimo ukora kuri sisitemu ya dosiye ifite uburenganzira bwo kubona dosiye -, kandi ibikorwa byose bifite akamaro bisaba kwemeza hamwe nurufunguzo rwa AES - 128 mbere. NTAG 424 ADN itwara urufunguzo rutanu rwasobanuwe nabakiriya ba AES, ikoresha 3-pass yo kwemeza hagati yamakuru arinzwe, kandi itwara ibyemezo rusange bya EAL4 kubikoresho na software. Amakipe ateganya ibirango bya NFC kugirango yemeze ibicuruzwa aho kwerekanwa byoroheje usanga ashakisha iki gice byumwihariko, kubera ikintu kimwe.

 

Ibyo biranga ni ubutumwa bwizewe butanga ubutumwa, bukunze kwandikwa nkizuba. Hamwe nibishoboka, URL ya NDEF chip yerekana impinduka kuri buri kanda imwe: chip irerekana UID yayo hamwe na monotonike yiyongera kubisoma muri URL, kubisobekeranya, kandi igashyiramo CMAC ibarwa nurufunguzo gusa wowe na chip ufashe. Inyuma yawe irashobora noneho kuvuga tagi nyayo kuva URL yafotowe, kandi irashobora kuvuga kanda nimero 4 uhereye kanda ya 4000.

 

Kugena neza niho ibisobanuro biruma. Amategeko yindorerwamo ntabwo ari ubuntu - ifishi: mugihe amakuru ya PICC abitswe, indorerwamo ya UID na compte yo gusoma iba itegeko aho guhitamo, byombi bihora hamwe, kandi CMAC igomba kwicara kumpera yubutumwa bwa NDEF. Shushanya imiterere ya URL yawe hafi yizo mbogamizi, ntabwo arubundi buryo, cyangwa offsets ntizakemuka kandi inyuma izanga buri gisomwa.

 

Kunanirwa tubona kenshi kuri SUN yoherejwe ntaho bihuriye nimwe muribyo. Buri kintu rusange cyashyizwe mubikorwa hamwe na demo seriveri yoherejwe hamwe nuruganda - isanzwe urufunguzo rwa - zeru, kuko aribyo bituma demo ikora mumasanduku. Imishinga prototype irwanya ibyo, prototype irakora, kandi urufunguzo rwo kuzenguruka ntirwigera rugera kurutonde rwo gutangiza. Ibirangantego bisohoka byambaye ubusa mugihe abantu bose babigizemo uruhare bemeza ko ibyoherejwe byabitswe, niyo mpamvu uburyo bwacu bwo kurekura icyitegererezo bugenzura itandukaniro ryibanze ku bicuruzwa aho kuba ku byakoreshejwe kuri demo.

 

Ibikorwa bitandatu ntushobora gusubira inyuma Iyo uteguye NFC Tagi

 

Kwandika kwishura birahendutse. Ntabwo aribyo. Buri kimwe kiri hepfo nicyemezo gihindura icyiciro cyibintu mumitungo itimukanwa, kandi buriwese yabaye intandaro yo kubara ibicuruzwa byavanyweho twe ubwacu tugomba gusimbuza.

 

Igikorwa	Icyo ikora	Impamvu idashobora gusubirwaho	Iyo bigomba gutegurwa
Imiterere ya NDEF	Yandika ubushobozi bwikintu	Ubutaka muri kimwe - gihe - ububiko bwa porogaramu	Ku ruganda, nyuma yubwoko bwa chip byemejwe
Gufunga bits	Funga impapuro 16 zambere kuri chip ya Type 2	Gufunga bits byashyizweho - gusa kandi ntibishobora gusubirwamo	Gusa nyuma yibirimo byanyuma byasinywe
Dynamic lock bits	Gupfukirana amakuru 96 bytes kuri NTAG213, 456 kuri NTAG215 na 840 kuri NTAG216, kuri granularite yimpapuro 2 kuri NTAG213 na page 16 kuri NTAG215 na NTAG216, kurupapuro rwamakuru rwa NXP rwavuzwe haruguru	Igice kimwe - uburyo gusa, burigihe	Irembo rimwe nkifunga rihamye
Soma - hindura gusa	Shiraho NDEF andika ibendera burundu	Nta tegeko rihinduka rihari	Nta na rimwe mbere yo kugerageza umurima
Uburyo bwa LRP kuri NTAG 424 ADN	Hindura AES kumeneka - imikorere idahwitse	Gushobozwa na SetConfigurasiyo, nta nzira isubira muburyo bwa AES	Gusa niba inyandiko yerekana iterabwoba isaba
Impinduka zingenzi nta escrow	Gusimbuza urufunguzo rwa AES	Chip nta nzira yo kugarura niba urufunguzo rushya rwatakaye	Gusa iyo urufunguzo rwibanze rushyizweho

 

Uru rupapuro granularitike nibintu bifatika abantu benshi babura iyo babajije uburyo bwo gufunga tagi ya NFC nyuma yo gutangiza gahunda. Gufunga ntabwo arimwe byose - cyangwa - ntakintu gihinduka. Kuri NTAG215 na NTAG216 urashobora gufunga kumpapuro zimpapuro 16, bigatuma imiterere ivanze ishobora kubaho: akarere ka numero yuruhererekane ifunze muruganda, akarere URL yo kwiyamamaza yasize yandikiwe itsinda ryamamaza. Kuri NTAG213 granularity ni impapuro ebyiri, nziza ariko hejuru yikarita nto cyane. Guhitamo imipaka ni igishushanyo mbonera, kandi kigomba kubaho mbere yuko kodegisi ikora, ntabwo nyuma.

 

Ingeso ikwiye kubaka ni ugutandukanya irembo rya kodegisi n'irembo rifunga. Turagira inama abakiriya kwirinda gufunga aho batumije, kandi impamvu ni ubucuruzi rwose aho kuba tekiniki.

 

Hafi yamateka yacu yatumijwe, inyandiko ikunze kugaragara - icyifuzo cyo gutanga ntabwo isaba inenge, ni ihinduka ryerekezo, kandi ihurira mumwaka wambere wa serivisi. Ibisanzwe bitera ni urupapuro rwimuka cyangwa kwimura ikigo, ntanumwe ugaragara mugihe cyateganijwe. Ntukeneye imibare yananiwe numuntu kugirango ikore kuri ibi, kuko asimmetrie ibifataho umwanzuro wenyine: tagi idafunze itigera ikenera guhinduka ntacyo igutwara, mugihe tagi ifunze ikeneye guhindura ibiciro byateganijwe gusimburwa byuzuye hamwe nakazi ko kongera gukora. Porogaramu NFC itondekanya mbere, koresha ikibuga cyo kugerageza, funga nyuma.

 

Kugenzura Chip Nibyo Fagitire ivuga

 

 

Chip ubunyangamugayo ntabwo ari impungenge za paranoide muriki cyiciro, ni ibintu bisanzwe byinjira -, kandi biri mubyiciro bimwe bya QC nkizindi cheque zose ukora mbere yuko utegura ibirango bya NFC mubwinshi. Imiryango ya NTAG ya NTAG, MIFARE, Ultralight na ICODE buriwese yitwaje umukono wa ECC - washyizweho umukono wumwimerere wanditse ku bicuruzwa byakozwe na chip, 32 bytes ku bice bya NTAG21x, ushobora gusomwa inyuma no kugenzurwa nurufunguzo rusange rwakozwe. Ikirangantego cyitwara neza kirashobora kunanirwa kugenzura.

 

Ibi bibaho kuruta uko isoko ryiyemerera. Ba injeniyeri bagura ibirango bya NTAG21x babinyujije mumiyoboro rusange yo kugurisha bamenyesheje umuryango w’uruganda ko ingero zikora neza nkuko byavuzwe, indorerwamo zerekana indorerwamo zirimo, nyamara bagatanga raporo nka clone silicon munsi y’igenzura ry’umwimerere, kandi igisubizo cya NXP cyatangajwe ni uko ibice nk'ibi bidashyigikiwe kandi bidakwiriye gukoreshwa neza kuko IC ubwayo ishobora kwibasirwa (Umuryango NXP).

 

Ingaruka zikorwa ziragufi kuruta uko abantu babitekereza, kandi birakwiye kuvuga neza. Niba porogaramu yawe ari iyerekanwa ryamamaza, chip ya clone izagukorera bihagije kandi ntushobora kubyitaho. Niba gusaba kwawe kurimo kwemeza, ibimenyetso byerekana ibimenyetso, cyangwa ikirego icyo aricyo cyose cyo kurwanya - mpimbano zakozwe kubakiriya bawe bwite, chip idashobora kwemezwa itesha agaciro ibyaribyo byose, kandi ntanumubare wuzuye wa kodegisi ubyishyura. Kugenzura bifata amasegonda kuri sample hamwe na porogaramu yabasomyi, kandi biri mubikorwa byawe bya QC byinjira aho kuba muri post - mortem. Gusoma bifitanye isano numuntu wese wanditse arangije ariko umusomyi we akicecekera:kuki icyapa gikonjesha gisoma neza kandi bikananirana kumuryango.

 

Ikibazo cyumutekano wa MIFARE, cyasubiwemo ubunyangamugayo

 

Umuntu wese ugaragaza MIFARE Classic uyumunsi agomba kuba akora uhereye kubushakashatsi buriho aho kuba izina urubuga rwagize mu myaka icumi ishize.

 

Mu 2024, ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na FM11RF08S, chip ya MIFARE Classic ihuza imashini yasohotse mu 2020 hamwe n’ingamba zagenewe kurwanya amakarita yose azwi - gusa, zatsinze izo ngamba kandi zivumbura inyuma y’ibyuma muri icyo gikorwa. Inyuma yinyuma yemerera ishyaka iryo ari ryo ryose rizi kubangamira buri mukoresha - yasobanuye urufunguzo ku ikarita mu minota mike yo kwinjira ku mubiri, kandi ibyo bifata n’aho urufunguzo rwagiye rutandukana kuri buri karita (Ububiko bwa ePrint). Urufunguzo rujyanye ninyuma rwamenyekanye mugice kinini cyibice, harimo ibisekuruza bya Fudan mbere nibikoresho byihariye bya NXP na Infineon.

 

Soma witonze mbere yo gukuramo umwanzuro utari wo. Ntabwo arimpaka ko abantu bose bakoresha MIFARE Classic yashyizwe ahagaragara ejo, kandi ntitwabigaragaza nkimwe. Amamiliyoni yindangamuntu ya Classic akorera mukarere ka - ingaruka zabyo aho gukonjesha ikarita byunguka igitero cyo gufunga siporo. Ni impaka zerekana ko imvugo "umutekano" itagomba kugaragara ahantu hose mu nyandiko isobanura iruhande rwuyu muryango wa chip, kandi ko umuntu wese ugiye guteganya ibirango bya NFC kubyumba byamahoteri, kwinjira mu biro, cyangwa kwishyura amafaranga atishyuye kuri silicon Classic agomba kugura kwimuka muri AES - ashingiye mubice bimwe byingengo yimari.

 

Gutegura Gahunda NFC Tagi Muburyo: Niki gihinduka hejuru yibihumbi igihumbi

 

Ibintu byose byasobanuwe kugeza ubu umunzani mubi. Porogaramu ya terefone yandika ikirangantego icyarimwe idafite inyandiko yicyiciro, nta pasiporo yo kugenzura, kandi nta buryo bwo kwerekana nyuma iyo URL yagiye ku gice gifatika. Hano hari ibyiciro bitatu byuburyo bwo gutangiza gahunda ya NFC ku bwinshi, kandi gusimbuka hagati yabo birakora kuruta tekiniki.

 

Urwego rwa mbere ni terefone na porogaramu, birashoboka hafi ibice ijana, bikwiranye na prototypes na pilote y'imbere.

 

Urwego rwa kabiri niho benshi muri - amakipe yo munzu agwa: utegura ibirango bya NFC hamwe numwanditsi wabasomyi kuri desktop, utwarwa na dosiye yicyiciro, mubisanzwe unyuze kuri kodegisi ya USB muri ACR12xx cyangwa uTrust. Cyakora neza kugeza chip ihindutse. Byakoreshejwe cyane gufungura - ibikoresho byabigenewe muri uyu mwanya, nkurugero, byibasiye ACR122 byumwihariko kandi bigashyiraho gusa MIFARE Ultralight na Ultralight C, ibyo bikaba ari ibice 2, bityo kwimura uwo mushinga kuri chip ya Type 4 bisobanura kubaka ibikoresho aho guhindura dosiye ya config. Niba ukomeje guhitamo ibyuma muriki cyiciro, ibyacuUSB na desktop Umusomyi wa NFC - urutonde rwabanditsiikubiyemo abasomyi berekana imiterere yibi bikoresho.

 

Inganda zikora urwego rwa gatatu ni pre - kodegisi mugihe cyo gukora, kandi iyi niyo ntera abaguzi benshi batazi ko ibaho. Ku murongo wacu mu gihingwa cya 3,600 m², kodegisi yicaye hagati ya chip ihuza hamwe ninteko ya nyuma, ku bikoresho byerekana buri tagi mu mwanya, ikandika inyandiko, ikanabisoma mbere yuko tagi ikomeza. Kugenzura inzira ni ingingo yose. Ikirangantego cyananiwe gusoma - inyuma cyanze kumurongo - aho kuvumburwa numukiriya mumurima, hanyuma ikibabi gisiga hamwe na mapping ya fayili ihuza buri UID cyangwa TID nibintu nyabyo byandikiwe, aribyo CMS cyangwa urubuga rwawe rwo gusesengura rukeneye kumunsi wambere. Ubushobozi bwo guhuza bwikora mumirongo itanu yumusaruro ikora hejuru ya 100.000 chip kumunsi, bityo kodegisi ntabwo ihinduka imbogamizi mugihe cyo kuyobora.

 

Icyo ibyo bisobanuro bisize, nkana, ni urwego rwo kwemererwa. Soma - kugenzura inyuma ni irembo ryatsinzwe / gutsindwa, ariko igipimo cyo gutsindwa ugomba kwemeranya gitandukana numuryango wa chip, ibintu bifatika, kandi niba tagi iri kumurikirwa nyuma; anti - icyuma gifata ikarita ya PVC ntabwo yitwara kimwe kumurongo umwe. Iyo mibare iri mumagambo arwanya inyubako yawe yihariye, ntabwo ari mu ngingo, kandi nikintu cya mbere dushiraho mugihe gahunda nshya itangiye.

 

Aho dushushanya ubushobozi bwacu bwite birakwiye kuvuga neza, kuko nigice abatanga ibicuruzwa mubisanzwe. Tuzabanza - gahunda ya NFC hamwe na URL yawe ya URL, serialise kuri buri gice, kugenzura buri tagi, no gutanga ikarita ya mapping. Tuzatanga urufunguzo rwa AES mutanga. Ntabwo tuzafata urufunguzo rwawe rwo kubyara, ntituzakoresha inyuma yinyuma yawe, kandi ntituzakubwira ko uruganda rushobora gukora progaramu - igishushanyo mbonera cyumutekano. Icyo gice ni icyawe, kandi uwaguhaye isoko wese usaba ukundi arakugurisha ihererekanyabubasha ritabaho.

 

Ibibazo icyenda byo gukemura mbere yo gukora Encoding

 

Koresha ibi mbere yo kugura, ntabwo nyuma yicyitegererezo kigeze. Buri kintu cyarangije byibuze umushinga umwe twasabwe gutabara.

 

#	Ikibazo	Impamvu ihitamo chip
1	Iphone izakanda kuri tagi?	Kuraho MIFARE Classic mubitekerezo rwose
2	Ni ubuhe burebure bwa URL bwuzuye, harimo ibipimo bizaza?	Shyira ijambo kuri NTAG213, 215 cyangwa 216
3	Inyandiko imwe irahagije, cyangwa ukeneye inyandiko cyangwa inyandiko ya porogaramu?	Inyandiko zinyongera zitwara bije imwe yo kwibuka
4	Aho ujya uzahinduka mugihe cyubuzima bwa tagi?	Kumenya niba gufunga byemewe
5	Porogaramu itanga ubunyangamugayo kubakoresha amaherezo?	Iragusunika kuri NTAG 424 ADN cyangwa DESFire
6	Ninde ufata kandi akazenguruka urufunguzo rwa AES?	Ugomba gutangwa mbere yuko urufunguzo urwo arirwo rwose ruhinduka
7	Nibihe bipimo byo kwemererwa mugice cyatanzwe?	Sobanura niba soma - kugenzura inyuma ni amasezerano
8	Ukeneye UID - kugeza - dosiye yerekana ikarita?	Igomba gutomorwa mbere yo kwiruka, ntabwo isabwa nyuma
9	Ese umukono wumwimerere kugenzura igice cya QC yinjira?	Kumenya niba gushakisha isoko byumvikana

 

Amakipe ashobora gusubiza icyenda yose mubisanzwe abona umusaruro usukuye mugerageza kwambere. Amakipe ashobora gusubiza atandatu kuri icyenda mubisanzwe avumbura atatu asigaye inzira ihenze.

 

Ibibazo icyenda ni verisiyo rusange. Uwo dukora mubyukuri yongeramo inkingi ya cumi, igisubizo kibereye kubwubatsi bwawe aho kuba muri rusange, kandi iyo nkingi biterwa nibintu iyi ngingo idashobora kubona: kuvanga terefone yawe, umutungo wabasomyi, inzira yawe yo kumurika, kandi niba serial igomba kuba ikurikiranye cyangwa idahwitse. Twohereze ibisubizo icyenda byambere hanyuma tuzasubiza verisiyo yatangajwe kubisobanuro byawe.

 

Aho Ibi bisiga umuguzi

 

Nta buryo rusange bwuburyo bwo gukora progaramu ya NFC, gusa inzira kuri chip, kuri platifomu, kuri volume. Tora chip imbere yububiko bwo hejuru nibibazo bya iPhone. Fata imiterere, kwishura no kuboneza nkamarembo atatu atandukanye. Ntuzigere ufunga mbere yikigeragezo. Kugenzura umwimerere ku ngero zinjira. Hejuru y'ibihumbi igihumbi, hagarika gutekereza kuri porogaramu hanyuma utangire utekereze kuri verisiyo no gukurikiranwa.

 

Niba ibisobanuro bimaze gutegurwa, twishimiye kubisubiramo kurwanya imbogamizi za chip hejuru no gushyira ibendera ikintu cyose kitazarokoka umusaruro, kandi ingero z'ubuntu ziraboneka mugupimisha kubasomyi bawe na terefone. Urashobora kandi guhera kuriImiterere ya tagi ya NFC twabanjirije gahunda - hanyuma tukagenzura mu nzu -niba icyemezo cya chip kirakinguye, cyangwaohereza URL imiterere nubunini bugenewe gusubiramo kodegisiniba bimaze gukosorwa.

 

Ibibazo