Nigute ushobora guhitamo igikoresho cya RFID?
Dec 15, 2025
Tanga ubutumwa
Nigute ushobora guhitamo igikoresho cya RFID?
Tuvugishije ukuri, turarambiwe iki kibazo.
Ntabwo arambiwe abakiriya - arambiwe ikibazo ubwacyo. Kuberako burigihe burigihe tugomba kubaza ibibazo byinshi inyuma: Ukeneye gusoma kugeza ryari? Ni ubuhe buso tagi igenda? Mu nzu cyangwa hanze? Icyuma cyose hafi? Amazi yose? Bije yawe niyihe? Ukeneye kurinda clone?
Hatariho aya makuru, "igikoresho cya RFID ni cyiza" ntigisubizwa. Ninkaho kubaza "imodoka nziza" utavuze niba uta abana kwishuri cyangwa utwara umusaraba utwara - igihugu.
Inshuro - abantu benshi babona ibi bibi kuva bagitangira
Twatangiye gukora kuva 2006. Twabonye imishinga myinshi ipfa kubera guhitamo inshuro.
Urugero rwiza: umukiriya yashakaga ububiko bwububiko. Yumvise UHF asoma kure, yagiye neza kuri 860 - 960MHz. Byagenze bite? Ububiko bwe bwari bwuzuye ibinyobwa. Ikimenyetso cya UHF cyakiriwe namazi, gusoma ibiciro byari imyanda. Ntabwo arikibazo cyiza-ni physics. Amazi na UHF ntibivanga.
Impande zinyuranye: dutanga FDX - B microchips yikirahure ya societe yubuzima bwinyamaswa zo muri Turukiya. Been gukorana imyaka myinshi, ibice birenga 300k buri mwaka. Kuki badakoresha UHF? Kuberako chipi ijya munsi yuruhu rwinyamaswa . 134.2 kHz inshuro nke zinjira mubice byumubiri. UHF ntishobora. ISO 11784/11785 yabayeho mumyaka mirongo - ntabwo ari ukubera ko umuntu yatoye ku bushake, ahubwo ni ukubera ko iyi frequency ikora kumubiri.
13.56MHz yumurongo mwinshi ukoresha amakarita yo kwinjira, gutambuka, kwishyura. Soma intera mubisanzwe munsi ya metero imwe, mubyukuri nikintu cyumutekano - ntushaka ko umuntu usoma agakarita kawe kava hakurya ya parikingi.
Iburira ry'umutekano
Ariko umutekano wa frequency hamwe na chip umutekano nibintu bitandukanye. Mu mwaka wa 2008, abashakashatsi bo muri kaminuza ya Radboud Nijmegen bavanyeho ibanga rya Mifare Classic ya NXP. Amakarita agera kuri miliyari yibasiye isi yose, harimo amakarita ya Oyster ya London. NXP yagerageje guhagarika impapuro; Urukiko rwo mu Buholandi rwavuze ko oya. Ikarita nshya ikoresha DESFire hamwe na AES-128 ubungubu, ariko abasomyi b'umurage baracyari hose. Mugihe rero abakiriya bashaka kugenzura, duhora tubaza mbere: niyihe protocole umusomyi wawe uriho ashyigikira?
Imiterere yibintu bifite akamaro kuruta uko abantu babitekereza
Ikarita vs urufunguzo - abantu benshi batekereza ko ari isura gusa. Ntabwo aribyo.
Ikarita ijya mu gikapo. Umufuka ufite amakarita ya banki, indangamuntu hafi yabo, bamwe bafite ibyuma bifata ibyuma. Umukoresha waves ikotomoni kumusomyi, ntakintu kibaho, guhamagara kwinubira ikarita yamenetse. Ikarita itavunitse - irakingiwe.
Urufunguzo rumanitse kuri keyrings. Umukoresha ayifata neza kubasomyi. Isoma buri gihe.
Twakoranye n’Ubufaransa - bushingiye ku isosiyete yororoka ya badge imyaka itanu. Hafi ya 500k FUID urufunguzo buri mwaka. Babanje gushaka amakarita. Yahinduwe nyuma yinshi "ikarita idakora" guhamagarwa. Ingano y'ibirego yagabanutse ako kanya. Badusabye kandi guhindura ifoto hamwe nikirangantego cyihariye kugirango twirinde impimbano ku isoko ryabo. Ubu bwoko bwo kwihitiramo - ibigo byubucuruzi ntibishobora kubikora. Ntabwo bafite ibishushanyo, gusa ibintu byabitswe. Ukeneye uruganda rukora RFID rukora ibikoresho kugirango uhindure ibikoresho.
Ibikoresho nabyo bifite akamaro. PVC ihendutse ariko iracika munsi ya flexing na chimique. Dufite umukiriya wa Porutugali ukora ibikorwa byo kuyobora - hejuru ya miriyoni y'amaboko buri mwaka wongeyeho 100k + amakarita. Bakora ibirori bya nijoro, bakeneye gucapa UV fluorescent icana munsi yumucyo. Icapiro risanzwe rya PVC ntirishobora kubyitwaramo, rikeneye inzira idasanzwe. Ubu bwoko busabwa bukenera kandi uruganda rutezimbere inzira zarwo.
Umutekano wa chip - abantu benshi nta gitekerezo bafite
EM4100 soma - chip gusa? Gura kopi kuri Taobao kumafaranga makumyabiri, clone mumasegonda. Nibyiza byo gukurikirana ibikoresho, gucunga imyenda. Kugera kumuryango? Urwenya. Twagize abakiriya bavuga ngo "inzu yacu ituyemo ikoresha ibi." Icyo navuga nuko umutekano wawe wubaka ari ikinamico.
T5577 irashobora kwandikwa, yoroshye mugupima dev, ariko umutekano urakabije kuruta EM4100 kuko kwandika inzitizi iri hasi.
Kugenzura kugenzura, kwishura - byibuze bigomba kuba urwego rwa Mifare DESFire. AES ibanga, kwemeza. Igiciro kinini kuri chip, ariko umutekano nukuri.
Kubijyanye no gushaka abaguzi
Iki gice cyunvikana - gukorera, ariko nzabivuga uko byagenda kose.
Inganda za RFID zifite amasosiyete menshi yubucuruzi. Bakomora ku ruganda A uyumunsi, Uruganda B ejo, uwuhendutse cyane. Icyiciro cyawe cya mbere nicyiciro cya kabiri gishobora kuva munganda zitandukanye. Guhuza inshuro, igipimo cy'umusaruro - nta garanti.
Dukora chip yacu ihuza, antenna ihindagurika, gushushanya inshinge. Imirongo itanu yumusaruro, byose mubikoresho byacu bya Hunan. Laboratwari ya kaminuza ya Auburn RFID yakoresheje icyemezo cya ARC kuva 2009. Walmart, Costco isaba ibimenyetso bya ARC - byemewe - kubera ko ubuziranenge bwinganda butandukanye cyane, umuntu akeneye kubigenzura.
Isosiyete ikora umushinga wa Tajikistan itanga amakarita agera kuri miriyoni 2 kuri twe buri mwaka kuri banki - imisoro, gasutamo, ibikorwa, serivisi 250+. Imishinga kururu rwego ibazwa iyo amakarita yananiwe. Ntabwo bagiye gushakira isoko kubucuruzi.
Uruganda rwa RFID urufunguzo rugenzura umusaruro warwo rushobora kwemeza guhuzagurika. Abacuruzi ntibashobora.
Hanyuma, kubyerekeye ikiguzi
Ntukarebe gusa igiciro cyibice.
Igiciro gito ariko igipimo kinini cyo gutsindwa bivuze ko wohereje abantu kurubuga kugirango babasimbuze - nicyo giciro nyacyo. Gura abasomyi bahendutse, ivugurura rya software ntubashyigikire nyuma, gusimbuza nanone, ndetse bihenze cyane. Hagati yo kwishyuza hagati yubucuruzi, fagitire ziteye ubwoba iyo amajwi amaze kwiyongera.
Igihe Inditex yatangizaga RFID mu maduka yose ya Zara mu 2016, Wall Street Journal yatangaje ko baguze chipi miliyoni 500. Pablo Isla yise "imwe mu mpinduka zikomeye mu buryo amaduka akora." Kuki bakoresheje ayo mafaranga? Kuberako babaze igiciro cyose. Kubona ibikoresho byatoranijwe neza bizigama epfo kurenza uko bisaba imbere.
Logique imwe ikoreshwa kumishinga mito. Byumvikane neza, kugenda neza. Wibeshye, kubabara umutwe ubuziraherezo.
Nibyo dufata. Kubona umushinga wihariye wo kuganira?
Kohereza iperereza